java的http请求工具对比分析

        在Java开发中，发起HTTP请求是常见的任务。为了简化这一过程，开发者们使用了各种不同的HTTP客户端库。本篇文档将介绍五种流行的HTTP请求工具：HttpURLConnection、Apache HttpClient、OkHttp、Feign 和 Spring RestTemplate，并对比它们的异同点，列出各自的优势和劣势，以及适用场景。

各自优势与劣势

HttpURLConnection

• 优势: 是Java的标准库，不需要额外依赖。
• 劣势: API较为复杂，需要手动处理许多细节，比如设置请求头、读取响应流等。

Apache HttpClient

• 优势: 功能全面，支持高级特性如连接池、认证等。
• 劣势: 相对于现代库来说，API设计较老，学习成本较高。

OkHttp

• 优势: 性能优异，API简洁，支持HTTP/2，内置缓存。
• 劣势: 对比其他库，社区和文档相对较小。

Feign

• 优势: 声明式接口定义，易于集成到Spring Cloud项目中。
• 劣势: 依赖于其他HTTP客户端实现，配置可能稍微复杂。

Spring RestTemplate

• 优势: 简化了HTTP调用，易于使用，适合Spring应用。
• 劣势: 在最新的Spring版本中被建议由WebClient替代。

Hutool HttpUtil

• 优势: 易于使用，基于静态方法，减少了代码量；不引入额外依赖。
• 劣势: 底层仍然依赖于HttpURLConnection，因此在某些高级功能上可能不如专用库强大。

适用场景

• HttpURLConnection: 当你不想引入外部依赖，并且只需要基本的HTTP功能时。
• Apache HttpClient: 需要更复杂的HTTP操作，例如管理持久连接或执行批量请求。
• OkHttp: 追求高性能和简易API，尤其是移动应用开发。
• Feign: 使用Spring Cloud进行微服务间通信时，希望有声明式的HTTP客户端。
• Spring RestTemplate: 已经使用Spring框架的应用，需要快速上手的HTTP客户端。
• Hutool HttpUtil: 需要一个简单易用的HTTP客户端，且不介意其底层为HttpURLConnection。

下面写了一个简单的de编程客栈mo来看一下对比

import cn.hutool.http.HttpUtil;
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.Response;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClients;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class HttpBenchmark {
    private static final String URL_STRING = "http://localhost:8090/user/api/v1/test";
    // Feign client interface
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        // Initialize clients for different HTTP libraries
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); // Apache HttpClient
        OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder().build(); // OkHttp
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); // Spring RestTemplate
        // Perform benchmarking for each HTTP client and print out the time taken
        System.out.println("Starting performance benchmarks...");
        benchmark(() -> {
            try {
                performApacheHttpClient(httpClient);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }, "Apache HttpClient");
        benchmark(() -> {
            try {
                performOkHttp(okHttpClient);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }, "OkHttp");
        benchmark(编程客栈() -> performRestTemplate(restTemplate), "RestTemplate");
        benchmark(HttpBenchmark::performHutoolHttpUtil, "Hutool HttpUtil");
  js      benchmark(() -> {
            try {
                performHttpURLConnection();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }, "HttpURLConnection");
        // Close resources to prevent resource leaks
        httpClient.close();
        System.out.println("Performance benchmarks completed.");
    }
    /**
     * Executes a given task and prints the time it took to execute.
     */
    private static void benchmark(Runnable task, String name) {
        long start = System.nanoTime(); // Record the start time in nanoseconds
        task.run(); // Execute the task
        long duration = TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(System.nanoTime() - start); // Calculate the elapsed time in milliseconds
        System.out.println(name + ": " + duration + " ms"); // Print the name of the client and the time it took
    }
    /**
     * Performs an HTTP GET request using HttpURLConnection.
     */
    private static void performHttpURLConnection() throws IOException {
        HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(URL_STRING).openConnection();
        connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
        try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()))) {
            while (reader.readLine() != null) {
                // Consume response content to ensure it's fully read
            }
        }
    }
    /**
     * Performs an HTTP GET request using Apache HttpClient.
     */
    private static void performApacheHttpClient(CloseableHttpClient httpClient) throws IOException {
        HttpGet request = new HttpGet(URL_STRING);
        try (CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request)) {
            try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response.getEntity().getjsContent()))) {
                while (reader.readLine() != null) {
 js                   // Consume response content to ensure it's fully read
                }
            }
        }
    }
    /**
     * Performs an HTTP GET request using OkHttp.
     */
    private static void performOkHttp(OkHttpClient okHttpClient) throws IOException {
        Request request = new Request.Builder().url(URL_STRING).build();
        try (Response response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute()) {
            if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);
            try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(response.body().charStream())) {
                while (reader.readLine() != null) {
                    // Consume response content to ensure it's fully read
                }
            }
        }
    }
    /**
     * Performs an HTTP GET request using Spring RestTemplate.
     */
    private static void performRestTemplate(RestTemplate restTemplate) {
        restTemplate.getForObject(URL_STRING, String.class); // RestTemplate handles the HTTP call internally
    }
    /**
     * Performs an HTTP GET request using Hutool HttpUtil.
     */
    private static void performHutoolHttpUtil() {
        HttpUtil.get(URL_STRING); // Hutool HttpUtil handles the HTTP call internally
    }
}

打印日志

Starting performance benchmarks...

Apache HttpClient: 82 ms

OkHttp: 44 ms

RestTemplate: 55 ms

HttpURLConnection: 6 ms

Hutool HttpUtil: 114 ms

Performance benchmarks completed.

大家可以基于这个demo增加请求头, 参数等方式针对自己的使用场景再去测试. 然后选择自己合适的工具

到此这篇关于java的http请求工具对比的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关java http请求工具内容请搜索编程客栈(www.devze.com)以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持编程客栈(www.devze.com)！