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SpringBoot Event 事件如何实现异步延迟执行

目录
  • SpringBoot Event 事件实现异步延迟执行
  • 使用它只需要三样东西
  • 总结

SpringBoot Event 事件实现异步延迟执行

Spring的事件(Application Event)非常好用,虽然有一点会出现代码污染,但是在做不使用其他框架来做异步的情况先,还是非常方便的。

使用它只需要三样东西

  • 自定义事件:继承 ApplicationEvent,创建一个你想传的数据的对象,会在监听器那边收到该对象。
  • 定义监听器,实现 ApplicationListener 或者通过 @EventListener 注解到方法上,两种方式都行,但是推荐使用@EventListener,只要参数是你写的继承ApplicationEvent的对象,就会自动找到执行方法。
  • 定义发布者,通过 ApplicationEventPublisher,自带的bean,不需要单独声明,直接@Autowired就能使用,主要只需要publishEvent方法。

但是有时候我需要做延时执行,自带的功能缺不支持,但是我发现ApplicationEvent对象里面有两个成员变量,source和timestamp,构造函数(@since 5.3.8)也提供了同时注入这两个变量数据。

 /**
  * Create a new {@code ApplicationEvent} with its {@link #getTimestamp() timestamp}
  * set to the value returned by {@link Clock#millis()} in the provided {@link Clock}.
  * <p>This constructor is typically used in testing scen编程客栈arIOS.
  * @param source the object on which the event initially occurred or with
  * which the event is associated (never {@code null})
  * @param clock a clock which will provide the timestamp
  * @since 5.3.8
  * @see #ApplicationEvent(Object)
  */
 public ApplicationEvent(Object source, Clock clock) {
  super(source);
  this.timestamp = clock.millis();
 }

但是,看了说明timestamp只是标志执行的时间,并不是为了延迟执行,可惜了。

于是查了一些资料,找到Java.util.concurrent.DelayQueue对象,JDK自带了延迟的队列对象,我们可以考虑利用自带的timestamp和延迟队列DelayQueue结合一起来实现,python具体DelayQueue的使用请自行查询,非常的简单。

首先,继承的ApplicationEvent重新实现一下。

不单单要继承ApplicationEvent,还需要实现Delayed,主要是因为DelayQueue队列中必须是Delayed的实现类

import java.time.Clock;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.Delayed;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEvent;

import lombok.Data;
import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false)
public class ApplicationDelayedEvent extends ApplicationEvent implements Delayed {

 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

 public ApplicationDelayedEvent(Object source) {
  this(source, 0L);
 }

 public ApplicationDelayedEvent(Object source, long delaySeconds) {
  super(source, Clock.offset(Clock.systemDefaultZone(), Duration.ofSeconds(delaySeconds)));
 }

 @Override
 public int compareTo(Delayed o) {
  //开发者_JAVA入门 最好用NANOSECONDS,更精确,但是用处不大
  long delta = getDelay(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS) - o.getDelay(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
  return (int) delta;
 }

 @Override
 public long getDelay(TimeUnit unit) {
  // 最好用NANOSECONDS,更精确,但是用处不大,负数也会认为到时间了
  long millis = this.getTimestamp();
  long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
  long sourceDuration = millis - currentTimeMillis;
  return unit.convert(sourceDuration, unit);
 }
}

多了两个必须实现的方法,compareTo是排序,应该是队列中的顺序。

getDelay是主要的方法,目的是归0的时候会从DelayQueue释放出来,当然那必须是NANOSECONDS级别的,我使用MILLISECONDS,就会出现负数,但也是可以的,也能释放出来。

另一个需要改的就是发布者,所以重新写一个ApplicationDelayEventPublisher

import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.concurrent.DelayQueue;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisher;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Slf4j
@Component
public class ApplicationDelayEventPublisher implements ApplicationRunner {

 // ApplicationDelayedEvent需要import进来
 private DelayQueue<ApplicationDelayedEvent> delayQueue = new DelayQueue<>();

 @Autowired
 private ApplicationEventPublisher eventPublisher;

 @Autowired
  @Qualifier("watchtaskExecutor")
 private ThreadPoolTaskExecutor poolTaskExecutor;

 public void publishEvent(ApplicationDelayedEvent event) {
  boolean result = delayQueue.offer(event);
  log.info("加入延迟队列。。。。{}", result);
 }

 @Override
 public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
  poolTaskExecutor.execute(() -> watchThread());
 }

 private void watchThread() {
  while (true) {
   try {
    log.info("启动延时任务的监听线程。。。。");
    ApplicationDelayedEvent event = this.delayQueue.take();
    log.info("接收到延时任务执行。。。{}", ZonedDateTime.now().format(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_OFFSET_DATE_TIME));
    eventPublisher.publishEvent(event);
   } catch (InterruptedException e) {
    log.info("启动延时任务的监听线程关闭");
    this.delayQueue.clear();
    break;
   }
  }
 }
}

需要实现ApplicationRunner作为Spring boot的启动时候运行的bean,目的就是开启监听线程,有事件到了执行时间take方法会得到数据,然后调用Spring原生的事件发布。

另外特别说明的就是监听线程不能随便创建,脱离了Spring容器的线程池会造成关闭服务的时候造成无法关闭的现象,所以建议还是自定义一个ThreadPoolTaskExecutor

  @Bean
 public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor watchTaskExecutor() {
  ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
  executor.setCorePoolSize(1);
  executor.setMaxjsPoolSize(1);
  executor.setQueueCapacity(1);
  executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(60);
  executor.setThreadNamePrefix("watch_task_");

  // 线程池对拒绝任务的处理策略
//  ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy:丢弃任务并抛出RejectedExecutionException异常
//  ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy:丢弃任务,但是不抛出异常。
//  ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy:丢弃队列最前面。
//  Threa编程客栈dPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy:由调用者处理该任务 。
  executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
  // 初始化
  executor.initialize();
  return executor;
 }

最后就是接收事件,跟传统的接收是一样的,异步只需要在配置类上加上@EnableAsync注解就行了,然后在监听的方法上加@Async

import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnClass;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Slf4j
@Configuration
@EnableAsync
@ConditionalOnClass(ApplicationDelayEventPublisher.class)
public class DelayEventConfiguration {

 @PostConstruct
 public void init() {
  log.info("延迟Spring事件模块启动中。。。");
 }
 
  // 不能和监听线程放到一个线程池,不然无法执行
 @Bean
 public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor poolTaskExecutor() {
  ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
  executor.setCorePoolSize(3);
  executor.setMaxPoolSize(50);
  executor.setQueueCapacity(10000);
  executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(30);
  executor.setThreadNamePrefix("my_task_");

  // 线程池对拒绝任务的处理策略
//  ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy:丢弃任务并抛出RejectedExecutionException异常
//  ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy:丢弃任务,但是不抛出异常。
//  ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy:丢弃队列最前面。
//  ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy:由调用者处理该任务 。
  executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());
  // 初始化
  executor.initialize();
  return executor;
 }
 
  @Bean
 public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor watchTaskExecutor() {
  ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
  executor.setCorePoolSize(1);
  executor.setMaxPoolSize(1);
  executor.setQueueCapacity(1);
  exe编程客栈cutor.setKeepAliveSeconds(60);
  executor.setThreadNamePrefix("watch_task_");

  // 线程池对拒绝任务的处理策略
//  ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy:丢弃任务并抛出RejectedExecutionException异常
//  ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy:丢弃任务,但是不抛出异常。
//  ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy:丢弃队列最前面。
//  ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy:由调用者处理该任务 。
  executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
  // 初始化
  executor.initialize();
  return executor;
 }
}

 @Async("poolTaskExecutor")
 @EventListener
 public void listenDelayEvent(ApplicationDelayedEvent event) {
  log.info("收到执行事件:{}", event.getSource());
 }

总结

以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持我们。

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