How to read in binary data after ascii header in Python

I have some imaging data that's stored in a file that contains an ascii text header, ending with a null character, followed by the binary data. The ascii headers vary in length, and I'm wondering what's the best way to open the file, read the header and find the null character, and then load the binary data (in P开发者_如何学Pythonython).

Thanks for the help,

James

Probably ought to start with something like this.

with open('some file','rb') as input:
    aByte= input.read(1)
    while aByte and ord(aByte) != 0: aByte= input.read(1)
    # At this point, what's left is the binary data.

Python version numbers matter a lot for this kind of thing. The issue is the result of the read function. Some versions can return bytes (which are numbers). Other versions will return strings (which requires ord(aByte)).

Does something like this work:

with open('some_file','rb') as f:
  binary_data = f.read().split('\0',1)[1]

Other people have already answered your direction question, but I thought I'd add this.

When working with binary data, I often find it useful to subclass file and add various convince methods for reading/writing packed binary data.

It's overkill for simple things, but if you find yourself parsing lots of binary file formats, it's worth the extra effort to avoid repeating yourself.

If nothing else, hopefully it serves as a useful example of how to use struct. On a side note, this is pulled from older code, and is very much python 2.x. Python 3.x handles this (particularly strings vs. bytes) significantly differently.

import struct
import array

class BinaryFile(file):
    """
    Automatically packs or unpacks binary data according to a format
    when reading or writing.
    """
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Initialization is the same as a normal file object
        %s""" % file.__doc__
        super(BinaryFile, self).__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

    def read_binary(self,fmt):
        """
        Read and unpack a binary value from the file based
        on string fmt (see the struct module for details).
        This will strip any trailing null characters if a string format is
        specified. 
        """
        size = struct.calcsize(fmt)
        data = self.read(size)
        # Reading beyond the end of the file just returns ''
        if len(data) != size:
            raise EOFError('End of file reached')
        data = struct.unpack(fmt, data)

        for item in data:
            # Strip trailing zeros in strings 
            if isinstance(item, str):
                item = item.strip('\x00')

        # Unpack the tuple if it only has one value
        if len(data) == 1: 
            data = data[0]

        return data

    def write_binary(self, fmt, dat):
        """Pack and write data to the file according to string fmt."""
        # Try expanding input arguments (struct.pack won't take a tuple)
        try: 
            dat = struct.pack(fmt, *dat) 
        except (TypeError, struct.error): 
            # If it's not a sequence (TypeError), or if it's a 
            # string (struct.error), don't expand.
            dat = struct.pack(fmt, dat) 
        self.write(dat)

    def read_header(self, header):
        """
        Reads a defined structure "header" consisting of a sequence of (name,
        format) strings from the file. Returns a dict with keys of the given
        names and values unpaced according to the given format for each item in
        "header".
        """
        header_values = {}
        for key, format in header:
            header_values[key] = self.read_binary(format)
        return header_values

    def read_nullstring(self):
        """
        Reads a null-terminated string from the file. This is not implemented
        in an efficient manner for long strings!
        """
        output_string = ''
        char = self.read(1)
        while char != '\x00':
            output_string += char
            char = self.read(1)
            if len(char) == 0:
                break
        return output_string

    def read_array(self, type, number):
        """
        Read data from the file and return an array.array of the given
        "type" with "number" elements
        """
        size = struct.calcsize(type)
        data = self.read(size * number)
        return array.array(type, data)