HTML5 Canvas animation uses 88-98% of CPU

2023-02-06 06:00 问答作者：

i'm trying to animate a faux pixelated map of the world so that it transitions between different colors smoothly. i originially did this with jquery and tables but the cpu usage was very high so i thought i'd try html5 canvas instead. However, i still get very high cpu usage for this. i'm wondering if its the large array in the code (which i use to indicate where a square should be filled). any help would be deeply appreciated.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>canvas version</title>
    <script src="raphael.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="canvasesdiv" style="position:relative; width:864px; height:456px">
    <canvas id="world-map" width="864" height="456" style="position:absolute; left:0px; top:0px; z-index:1;">
    </canvas>
    <canvas id="backdrop" width="864" height="456" style="position:absolute; left:0px; top:0px; z-index:0;"></canvas>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        //declare vars
        var ctx1
        var ctx2
        var layer1
        var layer2
        var red = 255;
        var dr = 1;
        //initialization
        function init() {
            layer1 = document.getElementById("backdrop");
            ctx1 = layer1.getContext("2d");
            //layer2 = document.getElementById("world-map");
            //ctx2 = layer2.getContext("2d");
            drawMap(red);
            setInterval(function(){red = drawMap(red);},1);
            }

            //LOOP THROUGH THE ARRAY IT SHOULD BE 38 ROWS EACH WITH 72 COLUMN ENTRIES make each one 12x12 and then fill according to array non zero entries
        var array = [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 21.0, 22.0, 0.0, 0.0, 25.0, 26.0, 27.0, 28.0, 29.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 18.0, 19.0, 20.0, 21.0, 22.0, 23.0, 24.0, 25.0, 26.0, 27.0, 28.0, 29.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 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            //Draw the map and animate the background in red only for now
        function drawMap(){
            ctx1.clearRect(0,0, 864, 456);
            red -= dr
            if (red < 0 || red > 255){
                dr = -dr
            }
            ctx1.fillStyle = 'rgb('+red+',0,0)';
            ctx1.strokeStyle = '#000';
            for (var row = 0; row < 38; row+=1){
                for (var col = 0; col < 72; col+=1){
                    if (array[row][col] != 0.0){
                        ctx1.fillRect(col*12,row*12,12,12);
                        ctx1.strokeRect(col*12,row*12,12,12);
                    }
                }
            }
            return red;
        }
    init();  
    </script>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

Here's how I would modify your code. Major changes:

Do not call drawMap as fast as possible, instead maxing out at 30fps (and in practice slightly less).
Precalculate the xy offsets, skipping zeroes, once only. This significantly shortens the number of iterations you loop through in drawMap. (~970 vs. ~2700)
Use the fact that drawMap is a closure to modify red directly with no need to return/assign it.
Remove the hard-coding of 12, instead letting you set squareSize in one spot and have your code and canvas updated accordingly.
Change the offset per 'frame' to 5 instead of 1 to account for lower fps. In reality, the best choice would be to specify a redPerSecond variable and calculate the inter-frame delay between calls to drawMap so that the color pulsing happens at the same world speed regardless of framerate.
Remove all decimals from your map array for shorter code, and introduce reasonable linebreaks so that my text editor doesn't cry.
No need to set the strokeStyle to the same value each call to drawMap().

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    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,21,22,0,0,25,26,27,28,29,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,0,0,22,23,24,25,26,27,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,0,0,53,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,0,22,23,24,25,26,0,0,0,0,0,0,33,34,35,36,37,0,0,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,0,0,22,23,0,0,0,27,28,0,0,0,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,1,2,0,0,0,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,30,0,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,0,0,0,60,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,0,0,60,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,29,30,0,0,0,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,29,0,0,0,33,34,35,0,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,29,30,31,32,0,0,0,0,0,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,6,7,8,9,0,0,0,13,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,0,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,6,7,8,0,0,0,12,13,14,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,0,39,40,41,42,0,0,0,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,7,8,0,10,11,0,13,14,15,16,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,0,0,46,47,48,49,0,51,52,53,54,0,0,57,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,8,9,10,11,0,0,0,0,0,17,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,25,0,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,0,0,0,0,0,47,48,0,0,51,52,53,54,0,0,57,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,11,0,0,14,0,0,17,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,0,0,0,0,0,0,47,0,0,0,0,52,53,54,0,0,57,58,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,12,13,14,15,16,17,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,0,0,0,0,0,0,48,0,0,0,52,0,0,0,0,57,58,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,13,14,15,16,17,18,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,0,0,0,0,46,0,0,0,0,0,52,53,0,0,56,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,53,0,55,56,57,58,59,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,53,54,55,56,57,0,59,60,61,62,0,64,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,33,34,35,36,37,38,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,54,55,0,0,0,0,0,61,62,63,64,65,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,57,58,0,0,0,0,63,64,0,66,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,0,41,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,59,60,0,62,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,33,34,35,36,37,38,0,40,41,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,0,0,0,0,67,0,69,0,71],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,33,34,35,36,37,38,0,40,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,0,0,66,0,0,0,0,71],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,15,16,17,18,19,20,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,33,34,35,36,37,0,0,40,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,15,16,17,18,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,34,35,36,37,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,15,16,17,18,19,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,35,36,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,15,16,17,18,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,60,61,62,0,0,0,0,67,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,15,16,17,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,60,61,0,0,0,0,66,67,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,16,17,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,60,0,0,0,0,65,66,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,16,17,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,64,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,16,17,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,17,18,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
  ];
  var squareSize = 12;
  var nonZeroIndices = [];
  var rows = map.length, cols=map[0].length;
  for (var row=0; row<rows; ++row){
    for (var col=0; col<cols; ++col){
      if (map[row][col]) nonZeroIndices.push( [col*squareSize,row*squareSize] );
    }
  }
  var nonZeroes = nonZeroIndices.length;

  window.onload = function(){
    var layer1 = document.getElementById("backdrop");
    var ctx1   = layer1.getContext('2d');
    var red=255, offset=5;
    var w = layer1.width  = map[0].length * squareSize;
    var h = layer1.height = map.length    * squareSize;
    ctx1.strokeStyle = '#000';
    var drawMap = function(){
      ctx1.clearRect(0,0,w,h);
      red -= offset;
      ctx1.fillStyle = 'rgb('+red+',0,0)';
      for (var i=0; i<nonZeroes; ++i){
        var xy = nonZeroIndices[i];
        ctx1.fillRect(xy[0],xy[1],squareSize,squareSize);
        ctx1.strokeRect(xy[0],xy[1],squareSize,squareSize);
      }
      if (red<0 || red>255) offset *= -1;
    };
    setInterval( drawMap, 1000/30 );
  };

<div id="canvasesdiv" style="position:relative; width:864px; height:456px">
  <canvas id="world-map" width="864" height="456" style="position:absolute; left:0px; top:0px; z-index:1;"></canvas>
  <canvas id="backdrop" width="864" height="456" style="position:absolute; left:0px; top:0px; z-index:0;"></canvas>
</div>

Well, you are scheduling the fill/stroking of 38 * 72 = 2736 rectangles every millisecond (setInterval takes args in milliseconds, not seconds). So you're forcing the browser to try and draw 2,736,000 rectangles a second.

That's not much for a GPU, but it is a fairly heavy load for a software renderer, which is what most browsers have for Canvas elements, until stuff like Direct2D and whatnot catches on.

继续阅读：canvas cpu-usage html5-animation

HTML5 Canvas animation uses 88-98% of CPU

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