Cannot declare Public static final String s = new String("123") inside an inner class

I tried to declare a class as shown below

class Outer{
    private final class Inner{
      public static final String s1 = new String("123");
      public static final byte[] bytes = new byte[]{0x00, 0x01};

      public static fina开发者_如何转开发l String s2 = "123";
      public static final byte byte1 = 0x02;
    }
} 

In the above code s1 and bytes wont compile but s2 and byte1 compile. If I put the whole constant declaration in outer class it works fine. what am i missing. Any help?

Read Java Language Specification, 3rd ed, §8.1.3.

An inner class is a nested class that is not explicitly or implicitly declared static. Inner classes may not declare static initializers (§8.7) or member interfaces.

This is why you cannot declare new public static final String s1 = new String("123");.

Inner classes may not declare static members, unless they are compile-time constant fields (§15.28).

This explains why you can do public static final String s2 = "123";

A static nested class can have static members.

cf Java Language specification, second edition, §8.1.2

An inner class is a nested class that is not explicitly or implicitly declared static. Inner classes may not declare static initializers (§8.7) or member interfaces

Inner classes were designed to work in the context of the outer class, I think static variables would break this rule.

8.1.2 Inner Classes and Enclosing Instances

An inner class is a nested class that is not explicitly or implicitly declared static. Inner classes may not declare static initializers (§8.7) or member interfaces. Inner classes may not declare static members, unless they are compile-time constant fields (§15.28).

try this, it works fine inside an inner class:

public static final String  s="123";

I don't know the reason why it is allowed.