Ruby array creation, Array.new vs []

What's the difference between these two statements? I use them in my rails app and to me it looks lik开发者_运维百科e they do the same thing

array_a = Array.new
array_b = []

Those two statements are functionally identical. Array.new however can take arguments and a block:

Array.new # => []
Array.new(2) # => [nil,nil]
Array.new(5,"A") # =>["A","A","A","A","A"]

a = Array.new(2,Hash.new)
a[0]['cat'] = 'feline'
a # => [{"cat"=>"feline"},{"cat"=>"feline"}]
a[1]['cat'] = 'Felix'
a # => [{"cat"=>"Felix"},{"cat"=>"Felix"}]

a = Array.new(2){Hash.new} # Multiple instances
a[0]['cat'] = 'feline'
a # =>[{"cat"=>"feline"},{}]
squares = Array.new(5){|i|i*i}
squares # => [0,1,4,9,16]

copy = Array.new(squares) # initialized by copying
squares[5] = 25
squares # => [0,1,4,9,16,25]
copy # => [0,1,4,9,16]

Note: the above examples taken from Programming Ruby 1.9

[] is a shortcut to the Array class's singleton method [] which in turn creates a new Array in just the same way as Array.new, so you could probably say 'they are the same' without worrying too much.

Note that each call to [] in irb creates a new Array:

>> [].object_id
=> 2148067340
>> [].object_id
=> 2149414040

From Ruby's C code:

rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cArray, "[]", rb_ary_s_create, -1);

Such as Hash.new vs {}. They are the same. Include speed.

There is fundamentally no difference

There is no difference, but...

As others have already answered you

Those two statements are functionally identical

But there are guidelines to orient when you should use each one (so your code is easier to read). The reason behind that is:

Programs must be written for people to read, and only incidentally for machines to execute.

from: https://github.com/rubocop-hq/ruby-style-guide#literal-array-hash

Prefer literal array and hash creation notation (unless you need to pass parameters to their constructors, that is).

So if you are creating an empty array [] is the best option, but if you need to create your array with a set of N nil objects, than Array.new(N) is what you should write.