Python file manipulation

Assume I have such folders

  rootfolder
      | 
     / \ \
    01 02 03 ....
    |
  13_itemname.xml

So under my rootfolder, each directory represents a month like 01 02 03 and under these directories I have items with their create hour and item name such as 16_item1.xml, 24_item1.xml etc, as you may guess there are several items and each xml created every hour.

Now I want to do two things:

• I need to generate a list of item names for a month, ie for 01 I have item1, item2 and item3 inside.

• I need to filter each item, such as for item1: i want to read ea开发者_C百科ch from 01_item1.xml to 24_item1.xml.

How can I achieve these in Python in an easy way?

Here are two methods doing what you ask (if I understood it properly). One with regex, one without. You choose which one you prefer ;)

One bit which may seem like magic is the "setdefault" line. For an explanation, see the docs. I leave it as "an exercise to the reader" to understand how it works ;)

from os import listdir
from os.path import join

DATA_ROOT = "testdata"

def folder_items_no_regex(month_name):

   # dict holding the items (assuming ordering is irrelevant)
   items = {}

   # 1. Loop through all filenames in said folder
   for file in listdir( join( DATA_ROOT, month_name ) ):
      date, name = file.split( "_", 1 )

      # skip files that were not possible to split on "_"
      if not date or not name:
         continue

      # ignore non-.xml files
      if not name.endswith(".xml"):
         continue

      # cut off the ".xml" extension
      name = name[0:-4]

      # keep a list of filenames
      items.setdefault( name, set() ).add( file )

   return items

def folder_items_regex(month_name):

   import re

   # The pattern:
   # 1. match the beginnning of line "^"
   # 2. capture 1 or more digits ( \d+ )
   # 3. match the "_"
   # 4. capture any character (as few as possible ): (.*?)
   # 5. match ".xml"
   # 6. match the end of line "$"
   pattern = re.compile( r"^(\d+)_(.*?)\.xml$" )

   # dict holding the items (assuming ordering is irrelevant)
   items = {}

   # 1. Loop through all filenames in said folder
   for file in listdir( join( DATA_ROOT, month_name ) ):

      match = pattern.match( file )
      if not match:
         continue

      date, name = match.groups()

      # keep a list of filenames
      items.setdefault( name, set() ).add( file )

   return items
if __name__ == "__main__":
   from pprint import pprint

   data = folder_items_no_regex( "02" )

   print "--- The dict ---------------"
   pprint( data )

   print "--- The items --------------"
   pprint( sorted( data.keys() ) )

   print "--- The files for item1 ---- "
   pprint( sorted( data["item1"] ) )


   data = folder_items_regex( "02" )

   print "--- The dict ---------------"
   pprint( data )

   print "--- The items --------------"
   pprint( sorted( data.keys() ) )

   print "--- The files for item1 ---- "
   pprint( sorted( data["item1"] ) )

Assuming that item names have a fixed length prefix and suffix (ie, a 3 character prefix such as '01_' and a 4 character suffix of '.xml'), you could solve the first part of the problem like this:

names = set(name[3:-4] for name in os.listdir('01') if name.endswith('.xml')]

That will get you unique item names.

To filter each item, simply look for files that end with that item's name and sort it if required.

item_suffix = '_item2.xml'
filtered = sorted(name for name in os.listdir('01') if name.endswith(item_suffix))

Not sure exactly what you want to do, but here are some pointers that might be useful

creating filenames ("%02d" means pad left with zeros)

foldernames = ["%02d"%i for i in range(1,13)]

filenames = ["%02d"%i for i in range(1,24)]

use os.path.join for building up complex paths instead of string concatenation

os.path.join(foldername,filename)

os.path.exists for checking whether a file exists first

if os.path.exists(newname):
    print "file already exists"

for listing directory contents, use glob

from glob import glob
xmlfiles = glob("*.xml")

use shutil for higher level operations like creating folders, renaming files

shutil.move(oldname,newname)

basename to get a file name from a full path

filename = os.path.basename(fullpath)