How can I use Python to get the system hostname?

I'm writing a chat program for 开发者_如何学运维a local network. I would like be able to identify computers and get the user-set computer name with Python.

Use socket and its gethostname() functionality. This will get the hostname of the computer where the Python interpreter is running:

import socket
print(socket.gethostname())

Both of these are pretty portable:

import platform
platform.node()

import socket
socket.gethostname()

Any solutions using the HOST or HOSTNAME environment variables are not portable. Even if it works on your system when you run it, it may not work when run in special environments such as cron.

You will probably load the os module anyway, so another suggestion would be:

import os
myhost = os.uname()[1]

What about :

import platform

h = platform.uname()[1]

Actually you may want to have a look to all the result in platform.uname()

os.getenv('HOSTNAME') and os.environ['HOSTNAME'] don't always work. In cron jobs and WSDL, HTTP HOSTNAME isn't set. Use this instead:

import socket
socket.gethostbyaddr(socket.gethostname())[0]

It always (even on Windows) returns a fully qualified host name, even if you defined a short alias in /etc/hosts.

If you defined an alias in /etc/hosts then socket.gethostname() will return the alias. platform.uname()[1] does the same thing.

I ran into a case where the above didn't work. This is what I'm using now:

import socket
if socket.gethostname().find('.')>=0:
    name=socket.gethostname()
else:
    name=socket.gethostbyaddr(socket.gethostname())[0]

It first calls gethostname to see if it returns something that looks like a host name, if not it uses my original solution.

From at least python >= 3.3:

You can use the field nodename and avoid using array indexing:

os.uname().nodename

Although, even the documentation of os.uname suggests using socket.gethostname()

If I'm correct, you're looking for the socket.gethostname function:

>> import socket
>> socket.gethostname()
'terminus'

socket.gethostname() could do

You have to execute this line of code

sock_name = socket.gethostname()

And then you can use the name to find the addr :

print(socket.gethostbyname(sock_name))

To get fully qualified hostname use socket.getfqdn()

import socket

print socket.getfqdn()

On some systems, the hostname is set in the environment. If that is the case for you, the os module can pull it out of the environment via os.getenv. For example, if HOSTNAME is the environment variable containing what you want, the following will get it:

import os
system_name = os.getenv('HOSTNAME')

Update: As noted in the comments, this doesn't always work, as not everyone's environment is set up this way. I believe that at the time I initially answered this I was using this solution as it was the first thing I'd found in a web search and it worked for me at the time. Due to the lack of portability I probably wouldn't use this now. However, I am leaving this answer for reference purposes. FWIW, it does eliminate the need for other imports if your environment has the system name and you are already importing the os module. Test it - if it doesn't work in all the environments in which you expect your program to operate, use one of the other solutions provided.

I needed the name of the PC to use in my PyLog conf file, and the socket library is not available, but os library is.

For Windows I used:

os.getenv('COMPUTERNAME', 'defaultValue')

Where defaultValue is a string to prevent None being returned