How to create a temporary directory and get its path/ file name?

How can I c开发者_如何转开发reate a temporary directory and get its path/file name in Python?

Use the mkdtemp() function from the tempfile module:

import tempfile
import shutil

dirpath = tempfile.mkdtemp()
# ... do stuff with dirpath
shutil.rmtree(dirpath)

In Python 3, TemporaryDirectory from the tempfile module can be used.

From the examples:

import tempfile

with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdirname:
     print('created temporary directory', tmpdirname)

# directory and contents have been removed

To manually control when the directory is removed, don't use a context manager, as in the following example:

import tempfile

temp_dir = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()
print(temp_dir.name)
# use temp_dir, and when done:
temp_dir.cleanup()

The documentation also says:

On completion of the context or destruction of the temporary directory object the newly created temporary directory and all its contents are removed from the filesystem.

At the end of the program, for example, Python will clean up the directory if it wasn't removed, e.g. by the context manager or the cleanup() method. Python's unittest may complain of ResourceWarning: Implicitly cleaning up <TemporaryDirectory... if you rely on this, though.

To expand on another answer, here is a fairly complete example which can cleanup the tmpdir even on exceptions:

import contextlib
import os
import shutil
import tempfile

@contextlib.contextmanager
def cd(newdir, cleanup=lambda: True):
    prevdir = os.getcwd()
    os.chdir(os.path.expanduser(newdir))
    try:
        yield
    finally:
        os.chdir(prevdir)
        cleanup()

@contextlib.contextmanager
def tempdir():
    dirpath = tempfile.mkdtemp()
    def cleanup():
        shutil.rmtree(dirpath)
    with cd(dirpath, cleanup):
        yield dirpath

def main():
    with tempdir() as dirpath:
        pass # do something here

In python 3.2 and later, there is a useful contextmanager for this in the stdlib https://docs.python.org/3/library/tempfile.html#tempfile.TemporaryDirectory

If I get your question correctly, you want to also know the names of the files generated inside the temporary directory? If so, try this:

import os
import tempfile

with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_dir:
    # generate some random files in it
     files_in_dir = os.listdir(tmp_dir)

Docs.python.org provide a TemporaryDirectory example that uses a context manager:

import tempfile
# create a temporary directory using the context manager
with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdirname:
    print('created temporary directory', tmpdirname)

# Outside the context manager, directory and contents have been removed.

Using pathlib to facilitate path manipulation on top of tempfile makes it possible to create new paths with the / path operator of pathlib:

import tempfile
from pathlib import Path
with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdirname:
    temp_dir = Path(tmpdirname)
    print(temp_dir, temp_dir.exists())
    file_name = temp_dir / "test.txt"
    file_name.write_text("bla bla bla")
    print(file_name, "contains", file_name.open().read())

# /tmp/tmp81iox6s2 True
# /tmp/tmp81iox6s2/test.txt contains bla bla bla

Outside the context manager, files have been destroyed

print(temp_dir, temp_dir.exists())
# /tmp/tmp81iox6s2 False
print(file_name, file_name.exists())
# /tmp/tmp81iox6s2/test.txt False