Linking GSL (or other library) statically into a shared library

Note: Despite the mentioning of Python in the following there is a good chance for my problem not to be Python related at all. If I am not mistaken the “module” I mention is equivalent to a C library—at least 开发者_JAVA百科for the concerns of my problem.

On Debian I am trying to create a Python module with C, which in turn uses the GSL. The following Makefile successfully compiles it:

CC = gcc -Wall -fPIC -O3
NAME = meinzeug

matrizenwuerfler: $(SRC)
$(CC) -o $(NAME).o -I/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/include/python2.5 -c $(NAME).c
$(CC) -shared -o $(NAME).so -lgsl -lgslcblas -lm $(NAME).o

Because this module is supposed to be used by (Linux) machines other than mine, I want the GSL to be included into the module (or be shipped with it).

However, if I add -static as option to the last line of the Makefile, I get the following error:

gcc -Wall -fPIC -O3 -shared -static -o meinzeug.so -lgsl -lgslcblas -lm meinzeug.o
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.3.2/crtbeginT.o: relocation R_X86_64_32 against `__DTOR_END__' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.3.2/crtbeginT.o: could not read symbols: Bad value
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

Adding -Wl,-Bstatic before the library linking results in a different error:

gcc -Wall -fPIC -O3 -shared -o meinzeug.so -Wl,-Bstatic -lgsl -lgslcblas -lm meinzeug.o
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_s
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

Other Stuff, that did not work: Recompiling GSL with fPIC, -static-libgcc, permutating the options. What I did not try yet, is compiling gcc with fPIC or similar.

Try

gcc -Wall -fPIC -O3 -shared -o meinzeug.so /usr/lib/libgsl.a -lm meinzeug.

as you cannot do

gcc -Wall -fPIC -O3 -shared -static ...   # shared and static at the same time ?

so you would provide the static library of GSL alongside with your code.

At the end of the day, I would punt and keep the dependency on the GSL. Just about everybody has it, and the API is pretty stable.

The ordering of the library calls is important. For me, it meant sending the /usr/lib/libgsl.a to the end of the command. That solved it.