matplotlib analog of R's `pairs`

R has a useful function pairs that provides nice matrix of plots of pairwise connections between variables开发者_Python百科 in a data set. The resulting plot looks similar to the following figure, copied from this blog post:

Is there any ready to use function based on python's matplolib? I have searched its gallery, but couldn't find anything that resembles what I need. Technically, this should be a simple task, but proper handling of all the possible cases, labels, titles, etc is very tedious.

UPDATE see below my answer with a quick and dirty approximation.

Pandas has a built in function scatter_matrix (source code) which is something like this.

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 

df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(1000, 4), columns=['A','B','C','D'])
axes = pd.tools.plotting.scatter_matrix(df, alpha=0.2)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig('scatter_matrix.png')

However it is pandas specific (but could be used as a starting point).

There are some more R like plots in pandas. Have a look at the docs.

Quick and dirty approximation to my needs:

def pair(data, labels=None):
    """ Generate something similar to R `pair` """

    nVariables = data.shape[1]
    if labels is None:
        labels = ['var%d'%i for i in range(nVariables)]
    fig = pl.figure()
    for i in range(nVariables):
        for j in range(nVariables):
            nSub = i * nVariables + j + 1
            ax = fig.add_subplot(nVariables, nVariables, nSub)
            if i == j:
                ax.hist(data[:,i])
                ax.set_title(labels[i])
            else:
                ax.plot(data[:,i], data[:,j], '.k')

    return fig

The code above is hereby released into the public domain

The subplots function in recent versions of matplotlib (at least 1.4) makes this a little bit easier:

def pairs(data, names):
    "Quick&dirty scatterplot matrix"
    d = len(data)
    fig, axes = plt.subplots(nrows=d, ncols=d, sharex='col', sharey='row')
    for i in range(d):
        for j in range(d):
            ax = axes[i,j]
            if i == j:
                ax.text(0.5, 0.5, names[i], transform=ax.transAxes,
                        horizontalalignment='center', verticalalignment='center',
                        fontsize=16)
            else:
                ax.scatter(data[j], data[i], s=10)

In recent versions(after 0.23.3 or maybe in few version earlier too) you can use:

In [80]: from pandas.plotting import scatter_matrix

In [81]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(1000, 4), columns=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])

In [82]: scatter_matrix(df, alpha=0.2, figsize=(6, 6), diagonal='kde')

diagonal can assume values like kde, hist.

You can use seaborn pairplot(...) function . It's quite like the pairs(...) function in R.

As far as I know, there's not a ready-to-use function like that.