How to find the real user home directory using python?
I see that if we change the HOME
(linux) or USERPROFILE
(windows) environmental variable and run a python script, it returns the new v开发者_StackOverflow中文版alue as the user home when I try
os.environ['HOME']
os.exp
Is there any way to find the real user home directory without relying on the environmental variable?
edit:
Here is a way to find userhome in windows by reading in the registry, http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-win32/2008-January/006677.htmledit:
One way to find windows home using pywin32,from win32com.shell import shell,shellcon
home = shell.SHGetFolderPath(0, shellcon.CSIDL_PROFILE, None, 0)
I think os.path.expanduser(path)
could be helpful.
On Unix and Windows, return the argument with an initial component of
~
or~user
replaced by that user‘s home directory.On Unix, an initial
~
is replaced by the environment variable HOME if it is set; otherwise the current user’s home directory is looked up in the password directory through the built-in modulepwd
. An initial~user
is looked up directly in the password directory.On Windows, HOME and USERPROFILE will be used if set, otherwise a combination of HOMEPATH and HOMEDRIVE will be used. An initial
~user
is handled by stripping the last directory component from the created user path derived above.If the expansion fails or if the path does not begin with a tilde, the path is returned unchanged.
So you could just do:
os.path.expanduser('~user')
from pathlib import Path
str(Path.home())
works in Python 3.5 and above. Path.home()
returns a Path
object providing an API I find very useful.
I think os.path.expanduser(path)
is the best answer to your question, but there's an alternative that may be worth mentioning in the Unix world: the pwd
package. e.g.
import os, pwd
pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid()).pw_dir
For windows;
import os
homepath = os.path.expanduser(os.getenv('USERPROFILE'))
will give you a handle to current user's home directory and
filepath = os.path.expanduser(os.getenv('USERPROFILE'))+'\\Documents\\myfile.txt'
will give you a handle to below file;
C:\Users\urUserName\Documents\myfile.txt
home_folder = os.getenv('HOME')
This should work on Windows and Mac OS too, works well on Linux.
Really, a change in environment variable indicates that the home must be changed. So every program/script should have the new home in context; also the consequences are up to the person who changed it.
I would still stick with
home = os.getenv('USERPROFILE') or os.getenv('HOME')
what exactly is required?
I realize that this is an old question that has been answered but I thought I would add my two cents. The accepted answer was not working for me. I needed to find the user directory and I wanted it to work with and without sudo
. In Linux, my user directory is "/home/someuser" but my root directory is "/root/". However, on my Mac, the user directory is "/Users/someuser". Here is what I ended up doing:
_USERNAME = os.getenv("SUDO_USER") or os.getenv("USER")
_HOME = os.path.expanduser('~'+_USERNAME)
This worked both with and without sudo
on Mac and Linux.
get (translated) user folder names on Linux:
from gi.repository import GLib
docs = GLib.get_user_special_dir(GLib.USER_DIRECTORY_DOCUMENTS)
desktop = GLib.get_user_special_dir(GLib.USER_DIRECTORY_DESKTOP)
pics = GLib.get_user_special_dir(GLib.USER_DIRECTORY_PICTURES)
videos = GLib.get_user_special_dir(GLib.USER_DIRECTORY_VIDEOS)
music = GLib.get_user_special_dir(GLib.USER_DIRECTORY_MUSIC)
downloads = GLib.get_user_special_dir(GLib.USER_DIRECTORY_DOWNLOAD)
public = GLib.get_user_special_dir(GLib.USER_DIRECTORY_PUBLIC_SHARE)
templates = GLib.get_user_special_dir(GLib.USER_DIRECTORY_TEMPLATES)
print(docs)
print(desktop)
print(pics)
print(videos)
print(music)
print(downloads)
print(public)
print(templates)
On Linux and other UNIXoids you can always take a peek in /etc/passwd
. The home directory is the sixth colon-separated field in there. No idea on how to do better than the environment variable on Windows though. There'll be a system call for it, but if it's available from Python, ...
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