How can you programmatically inspect the stack trace of an exception in Python?

When an exception occurs in Python, can you inspect the stack? Can you determine its depth? I've looked at the traceback module, but I can't figure out how to use it.

My goal 开发者_JAVA技巧is to catch any exceptions that occur during the parsing of an eval expression, without catching exceptions thrown by any functions it may have called. Don't berate me for using eval. It wasn't my decision.

NOTE: I want to do this programmatically, not interactively.

traceback is enough - and I suppose that documentation describes it rather well. Simplified example:

import sys
import traceback

try:
    eval('a')
except NameError:
    traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stdout)

You can use the inspect module which has some utility functions for tracing. Have a look at the overview of properties of the frame objects.

I like the traceback module.

You can get a traceback object using sys.exc_info(). Then you can use that object to get a list preprocessed list of traceback entries using traceback.extract_tb(). Then you can get a readable list using traceback.format_list() as follows:

import sys
import traceback, inspect

try:
    f = open("nonExistant file",'r')
except:
    (exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback) = sys.exc_info()
    #print exception type
    print exc_type
    tb_list = traceback.extract_tb(sys.exc_info()[2])
    tb_list = traceback.format_list(tb_list)
    for elt in tb_list:
        print elt
        #Do any processing you need here.

See the sys Module: http://docs.python.org/library/sys.html

and the traceback Module: http://docs.python.org/library/traceback.html

You define such a function (doc here):

def raiseErr():
   for f in inspect.stack(): print '-', inspect.getframeinfo(f[0])

and call it from your modules so:

raiseErr()

The function raiseErr will print info about the place you called it.

More elaborate, you can do so:

import inspect, traceback
A = [inspect.getframeinfo(f[0]) for f in inspect.stack()]
print "traceback structure fields:", filter(lambda s: s[0] != '_', dir(A[0]))
print A[0].filename, A[0].lineno
for f in inspect.stack():
    F = inspect.getframeinfo(f[0])
    print '-', F.filename, F.lineno, '\t', F.code_context[0].strip()

Other possibility is to define this function:

def tr():
    print '* - '*10,
    print sys._getframe(1).f_code.co_name

And call it in the place where you want the trace. If you want all the trace, make an iterator from 1 up in _getframe(1).

In addition to AndiDog's answer about inspect, note that pdb lets you navigate up and down the stack, inspecting locals and such things. The source in the standard library pdb.py could be helpful to you in learning how to do such things.