HTTPS connection Python
I am trying to verify the that target exposes a https web service开发者_Go百科. I have code to connect via HTTP but I am not sure how to connect via HTTPS. I have read you use SSL but I have also read that it did not support certificate errors. The code I have got is from the python docs:
import httplib
conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("www.python.org")
conn.request("GET", "/index.html")
r1 = conn.getresponse()
print r1.status, r1.reason
Does anyone know how to connect to HTTPS?
I already tried the HTTPSConenction but it responds with an error code claiming httplib does not have attribute HTTPSConnection. I also don't have socket.ssl available.
I have installed Python 2.6.4 and I don't think it has SSL support compiled into it. Is there a way to integrate this suppot into the newer python without having to install it again.
I have installed OpenSSL and pyOpenSsl and I have tried the below code from one of the answers:
import urllib2
from OpenSSL import SSL
try:
response = urllib2.urlopen('https://example.com')
print 'response headers: "%s"' % response.info()
except IOError, e:
if hasattr(e, 'code'): # HTTPError
print 'http error code: ', e.code
elif hasattr(e, 'reason'): # URLError
print "can't connect, reason: ", e.reason
else:
raise
I have got an error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
File "/home/build/workspace/downloads/Python-2.6.4/Lib/urllib.py", line 87, in urlopen
return opener.open(url)
File "/home/build/workspace/downloads/Python-2.6.4/Lib/urllib.py", line 203, in open
return self.open_unknown(fullurl, data)
File "/home/build/workspace/downloads/Python-2.6.4/Lib/urllib.py", line 215, in open_unknown
raise IOError, ('url error', 'unknown url type', type)
IOError: [Errno url error] unknown url type: 'https'
Does anyone know how to get this working?
-- UPDATE
I have found out what the problem was, the Python version I was using did not have support for SSL. I have found this solution currently at: http://www.webtop.com.au/compiling-python-with-ssl-support.
The code will now work after this solution which is very good. When I import ssl and HTTPSConnection I know don't get an error.
Thanks for the help all.
Python 2.x: docs.python.org/2/library/httplib.html:
Note: HTTPS support is only available if the socket module was compiled with SSL support.
Python 3.x: docs.python.org/3/library/http.client.html:
Note HTTPS support is only available if Python was compiled with SSL support (through the ssl module).
#!/usr/bin/env python
import httplib
c = httplib.HTTPSConnection("ccc.de")
c.request("GET", "/")
response = c.getresponse()
print response.status, response.reason
data = response.read()
print data
# =>
# 200 OK
# <!DOCTYPE html ....
To verify if SSL is enabled, try:
>>> import socket
>>> socket.ssl
<function ssl at 0x4038b0>
To check for ssl support in Python 2.6+:
try:
import ssl
except ImportError:
print "error: no ssl support"
To connect via https:
import urllib2
try:
response = urllib2.urlopen('https://example.com')
print 'response headers: "%s"' % response.info()
except IOError, e:
if hasattr(e, 'code'): # HTTPError
print 'http error code: ', e.code
elif hasattr(e, 'reason'): # URLError
print "can't connect, reason: ", e.reason
else:
raise
import requests
r = requests.get("https://stackoverflow.com")
data = r.content # Content of response
print r.status_code # Status code of response
print data
using
class httplib.HTTPSConnection
http://docs.python.org/library/httplib.html#httplib.HTTPSConnection
If using httplib.HTTPSConnection:
Please take a look at:
Changed in version 2.7.9:
This class now performs all the necessary certificate and hostname checks by default. To revert to the previous, unverified, behavior ssl._create_unverified_context() can be passed to the context parameter. You can use:
if hasattr(ssl, '_create_unverified_context'):
ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
Why haven't you tried httplib.HTTPSConnection? It doesn't do SSL validation but this isn't required to connect over https. Your code works fine with https connection:
>>> import httplib
>>> conn = httplib.HTTPSConnection("mail.google.com")
>>> conn.request("GET", "/")
>>> r1 = conn.getresponse()
>>> print r1.status, r1.reason
200 OK
Assuming SSL support is enabled for the socket module.
connection1 = httplib.HTTPSConnection('www.somesecuresite.com')
I had some code that was failing with an HTTPConnection (MOVED_PERMANENTLY error), but as soon as I switched to HTTPS it worked perfectly again with no other changes needed. That's a very simple fix!
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