Difference between frompyfunc and vectorize in numpy

What is the difference between vectorize and frompyfunc in numpy?

Both seem very similar. What is a typical use case for each of them?

Edit: As JoshAdel indicates, the class vectorize seems to be built upon frompyfunc. (see the source). It is still unclear to me whether frompyfunc may have any use case that is not covered by vectori开发者_JAVA技巧ze...

As JoshAdel points out, vectorize wraps frompyfunc. Vectorize adds extra features:

• Copies the docstring from the original function
• Allows you to exclude an argument from broadcasting rules.
• Returns an array of the correct dtype instead of dtype=object

Edit: After some brief benchmarking, I find that vectorize is significantly slower (~50%) than frompyfunc for large arrays. If performance is critical in your application, benchmark your use-case first.

`

>>> a = numpy.indices((3,3)).sum(0)

>>> print a, a.dtype
[[0 1 2]
 [1 2 3]
 [2 3 4]] int32

>>> def f(x,y):
    """Returns 2 times x plus y"""
    return 2*x+y

>>> f_vectorize = numpy.vectorize(f)

>>> f_frompyfunc = numpy.frompyfunc(f, 2, 1)
>>> f_vectorize.__doc__
'Returns 2 times x plus y'

>>> f_frompyfunc.__doc__
'f (vectorized)(x1, x2[, out])\n\ndynamic ufunc based on a python function'

>>> f_vectorize(a,2)
array([[ 2,  4,  6],
       [ 4,  6,  8],
       [ 6,  8, 10]])

>>> f_frompyfunc(a,2)
array([[2, 4, 6],
       [4, 6, 8],
       [6, 8, 10]], dtype=object)

`

I'm not sure what the different use cases for each is, but if you look at the source code (/numpy/lib/function_base.py), you'll see that vectorize wraps frompyfunc. My reading of the code is mostly that vectorize is doing proper handling of the input arguments. There might be particular instances where you would prefer one vs the other, but it would seem that frompyfunc is just a lower level instance of vectorize.

Although both methods provide you a way to build your own ufunc, numpy.frompyfunc method always returns a python object, while you could specify a return type when using numpy.vectorize method