Average UDP packet loss and packet re-ordering

I'd like to 开发者_运维技巧garner fellow SO'ers experience with regards to the issue of UDP packet loss (or drop-out).

Initially my understanding is that given direct point to point connections where the NICs are connected via a crossover cable and ample buffer on the NICs and timely processing of said buffers, that there 'should' be no packet loss or packet ordering issues. I believe this is also the case given one good/high-end switch in between the points.

1. Excluding the above scenario, what is the expected average UDP packet loss over a LAN

2. What scenarios cause UDP packet ordering issues?

No idea on the UDP packetloss on average LANs. I assume reasonably low on modern switched networks, otherwise your LAN or endpoints are too highly loaded. :)

The re-ordering is probably easiest to achieve when routes are brought up and down; say, one of the switches in your organization is under enough load that re-organizing the tree makes sense and traffic is sent through different switches. More likely is your ISP's peers coming and going, or reaching traffic limits, and the priority of packets through them changes -- old packets were in flight on the heavy-loaded network, new packets are in flight on the lighter-loaded network, and they arrive out of order.

I too am looking for an expected average. I found that from a direct link (PC to PC) packet loss occurs very rarely, although it definitely occurs. Availability was something like 99.9% at 1 kB packets @ 50 Hz.

I have seen reordering just by sending and receiving on the same network interface. I concluded that this occurs because each packet is handled asynchronously so that there is a chance of a newly arrived packet being processed before packets received prior to the newly received one.

On my basic gigabit switched LAN I get zero packet loss at even 50,000 packets per second, with FreeBSD, Solaris or Linux.

However Windows is something quite special, I easily see packet loss on exactly the same hardware at low speeds such as 10,000 per second. This is mainly due to buffer overflow between WinSock and the NIC, if you drive the packets faster you lose more, if you space out the packets you drop less.

There is no magical number, my situation is probably worse due to Broadcom having terrible Windows drivers.

You can easily see packet ordering issues, however it is almost always only the last two packets switched. This is an artifact of how switches function.

Interestingly what you haven't mentioned in Wi-Fi, radio signals are highly subject to interference and environmental conditions.