what is the difference between these 2 lines? [duplicate]

This question already has answers here: Closed 11 years ago.

Possible Duplicate:

Why should the interface for a Java class be prefered?

ArrayList<Integer> al = new ArrayList<Integer>();


List<Integer> l = new ArrayList<Integer>();

what 开发者_JAVA百科is the difference between these 2 lines? Is there any rules that I should use former one rather than later one in any case? Or vise versa? What is advantage or disadvantage of using particular one?

Thanks.

---

The first line creates an ArrayList and stores it in a variable of type of ArrayList, the second line stores it in a variable of type List.

List is an interface of which ArrayList is an implementation. The rule of thumb for deciding which type to store the instance in (List or a specific implementation, like ArrayList) is that you should store at the most generalized level suitable for your needs. This means that if you know that the variable must conform to behavior only exhibited by ArrayList and not a List in general, then you should use ArrayList, otherwise, use List. (This holds for LinkedList or other List implementations, too)

---

The reason why you want to use the second line it's because it's usually better to program to interfaces than to classes, sometimes it's related to good practices to do that and one of the benefits it's that you end up with code that:

It's better to test Can use different implementations It's not coupled to ArrayList

For more information you can take a look at the "Hollywood principle" or the Strategy pattern