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python中的Numpy二维数组遍历与二维数组切片后遍历效率比较

python-numZpWInpy使用中,可以用双层 for循环对数组元素进行访问,也可以切片成每一行后进行一维数组的遍历。

代码如下:

import numpy as np
import time
NUM = 160


a=np.random.random((NUM,NUM))
start = time.time()
for i in range(NUM):
  for j in range(NUM):
    if a[i][j] == 1.0:
      pass
end1 = time.time()

for ii in range(NUM):
  b = a[ii,:]
  for jj in range(NUM):
    if b[jj] == 1.0:
      pass
end2 = time.time()
print("end1",end1-start)
print("end2",end2-end1)

由于生成的是[0,1)中的数,因此两种操作会遍历所有的元素。多轮测试后,耗时如下:

当NUM为160时:

end1 0.006983518600463867

end2 0.003988742828369141

当NUM为1600时:

end1 0.71415114402771

end2 0.45178747177124023

结论:切片后遍历更快

原因:

楼主还暂不明确

一个想法:

b=a[ii,:]

在numpy中,为了提高效率,这种切片出来的子矩阵其实都是原矩阵的引用而已,所以改变子矩阵,原矩阵还是会变的

所以在内层循环中,第二种方法是在那一行元素所在的内存进行寻找。而第一种方法是先定位到行,再定位到列,所以比较慢?

大家是怎么想的呢?

关于numba在小数据量下的速度慢于普通操作

什么是numba?

numba

实验比较:

import numpy as np
import time
NUM = 160
from numba import jit
a=np.random.random((NUM,NUM))

@jit(nopython=True)
def fun1(a):
  for i in range(NUM):
    for j in range(NUM):
      if a[i][j] == 1.0:
        pass

def fun2(a):
  for i in range(NUM):
    for j in range(NUM):
      if a[i][j] == 1.0:
        pass
 
@jit(nopython=True)
def fun3(a):
  for ii in range(NUM):
    b = a[ii,:]
    for jj in range(NUM):
      if b[jj] == 1.0:
        pass


def fun4(a):
  for iii in rhttp://www.cppcns.comange(NUM):
    b = a[iii,:]
    for jjj in range(NUM):
      if b[jjj] == 1.0:
        pass

start = time.time()
fun1(a)
end1 = time.time()
fun2(a)
end2 = time.time()
fun3(a)
end3 = time.time()
fun4(a)
end4 = time.time()
print("end1",end1-start)
print("end2",end2-end1)
print("end3",end3-end2)
print("end4",end4-end3)

首先,当NUM为1600时,结果如下:

end1 0.2991981506347656 #无切片,有加速

end2 0.6372940540313721 #无切片,无加编程客栈速

end3 0.08377814292907715 #有切片,有加速

end4 0.358079195022583   #有切片,无加速

其他条件相同的情况下,有切片的速度更快。同样,有numba加速的也比没加速的快。

但当NUM =160时,结果如下:

end1 0.29620814323425293   #无切片,有加速

end2 0.006980180740356445  #无切片,无加速

end3 0.08580684661865234   #有切片,有加速

end4 0.0029993057250976562 #有切片,无加速

有切片依旧比无切片的快。但是有numba加速的却比没有numba加速的慢。

原来@jit(nopython=True)只是对函数进行修饰,第一次调用会进行编译,编译成机器码,之后速度就会很快。

实验代码如下:

import numpy as np
import time
NUM = 160
from numba import jit
a=np.random.random((NUM,NUM))

@jit(nopython=True)
def fun1(a):
  for i in range(NUM):
    for j in range(NUM):
      if a[i][j] == 1.0:
        pass

def fun2(a):
  for i in range(NUM):
    for j in range(NUM):
      if a[i][j] == 1.0:
        pass
 
@jit(nopython=True)
def fun3(a):
  for ii in range(NUM):
    b = a[ii,:]
    for jj in range(NUM):
      if b[jj] == 1.0:
        pass


def fun4(a):
  for iii in range(NUM):
    b = a[iii,:]
    for jjj in range(NUM):
      if b[jjj] == 1.0:
        pass

for b in range(4):
  start = time.time()
  fun1(a)
  end1 = time.time()
  fun2(a)
  end2 = time.time()
  fun3(a)
  end3 = time.time()
  fun4(a)
  end4 = time.time()
  print("end1",end1-start)
  print("end2",end2-end1)
  print("end3",end3-end2)
  print("end4",end4-end3)
  print("---")

结果如下:

end1 0.29421305656433105

end2 0.http://www.cppcns.com0059833526611328125

end3 0.0818190574编程客栈6459961

end4 0.0029909610748291016

---

end1 0.0

end2 0.005949735641479492

end3 0.0

end4 0.004008769989013672

---

end1 0.0

end2 0.006977558135986328

end3 0.0

end4 0.00399017333984375

---

end1 0.0

end2 0.005974292755126953

end3 0.0

end4 0.003837108612060547

---

结论:

numba加速时,第一次需要编译,需要耗时。之后调用就不需要了。

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