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C#使用Lambda表达式简化代码的示例详解

Lambda,希腊字母λ,在C#编程语言中,被引入为Lambda表达式,表示为匿名函数(匿名方法)。

编程时离不开函数,函数都有函数名和函数体,声明函数名是为了方便多次使用,可是很多时候函数只使用一次,那么函数名就变得多余,这样就产生了匿名函数(匿名方法)。

很多编程语言都有Lambde表达式,如python、JavaScript、Java等等,这似乎是现代编程语言的标配了。

作为编程语言C#和编程环境Visual Stuidio的发展,总得不停地变幻出新花样,功能还是那个功能或者略有增强,得益于编译器的强大,C#3.0推出了Lambda表达式。

其实这些是非必要的,只是为C#编码增加一些色彩和亮点而已,但是别人总喜欢这么写,我们就得熟悉这些规则了。

举例1:计算两个整数的相加和相减。

①  一般写法

        //声明变量
        private delegate int calculate(int x, int y);//声明一个用于计算的委托类型
        private calculate MyCalculate;//声明一个委托实例
 
        //声明函数
        private int Add(int x, int y)
        {
            return x+y;
        }
 
        private int Reduce(int x, int y)
        {
            return x - y;
        }

就可以直接使用了。

            MyCalculate = new calculate(Add);
            string StrResultAdd = MyCalculate(7, 2).ToString();
            MyCalculate = new calculate(Reduce);
            string StrResultReduce = MyCalculate(7, 2).ToString();
            //
            textBox1.Text = $"两数相加结果:{StrResultAdd}" + Environment.NewLine;
            textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text+ $"两数相减结果:{StrResultReduce}" + Environment.NewLine;

② 使用自定义的委托

使用自定义的委托来使用Lamda可以让代码更简洁:

            MyCalculate = delegate(int x,int y)
            {
                return x + y;
            };
            textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text+"两数相加结果:" + MyCalculate(7, 2).ToString()+Environment.NewLine;
            MyCalculate = delegate (int x, int y)
            {
                return x - y;
            };
            textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + "两数相减结果:" + MyCalculate(7, 2).ToString() + Environment.NewLine;

上面得到的结果是一样的。

③ 使用Func委托

FUNC委托的重载:

Func<TResult>;

Func<T1,T2,TResult>;

Func<T1,.YYvui..,T16,TResult>;

使用系统内置的FUNC命名的委托来写LambDa表达式:

Func<int,int,int> MyAdd = (int x, int y) => { return x + y; };
Func<int, int, int> MyReduce = (int x, int y) => { return x - y; };
 
textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + $"两数相加结果:{MyAdd(7,2).ToString()}" + Environment.NewLine;
textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + $"两数相减结果:{MyReduce(7, 2).ToString()}" + Environment.NewLine;

④ 使用规范的Lambda表达式

更简洁的写法:

MyCalculate = (int x, int y) => { return x + y; };
textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text+$"两数相加结果:{MyCalculate(7, 2).ToString()}" + Environment.NewLine;
MyCalculate = (int x, int y) => { return x - y; };
textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text+$"两数相减结果:{MyCalculate(7, 2).ToString()}" + Environment.NewLine;

完整代码:

namespace Lambda
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        private delegate int calculate(int x, int y);//声明一个用于计算的委托类型
        private calculate MyCalculate;//声明一个委托实例
 
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
 
        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //1
            MyCalculate = new calculate(Add);
            string StrResultAdd = MyCalculate(7, 2).ToString();
            MyCalculate = new calculate(Reduce);
            string StrResultReduce = MyCalculate(7, 2).ToString();
            textBox1.Text = $"两数相加结果:{StrResultAdd}" + Environment.NewLine;
            textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text+ $"两数相减结果:{StrResultReduce}" + Environment.NewLine;
            //2
            MyCalculate = delegate(int x,int y)
            {
                return x + y;
            };
            textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text+"两数相加结果:" + MyCalculate(7, 2).ToString()+Environment.NewLine;
            MyCalculate = delegate (int x, int y)
            {
                return x - y;
            };
            textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + "两数相减结果:" + MyCalculate(7, 2).ToString() + Environment.NewLine;
            //3
            Func<int,int,int> MyAdd = (int x, int y) => { return x + y; };
            Func<int, int, int> MyReduce = (int x, int y) => { return x - y; };
            textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + $"两数相加结果:{MyAdd(7,2).ToString()}" + Environment.NewLine;
            textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + $"两数相减结果:{MyReduce(7, 2).ToString()}" + Environment.NewLine;
            //4
            MyCalculate = (int x, int y) => { return x + y; };
            textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text+$"两数相加结果:{MyCalculate(7, 2).ToString()}" + Environment.NewLine;
            MyCalculate = (int x, int y) => { return x - y; };
            textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text+$"两数相减结果:{MyCalculate(7, 2).ToString()}" + Environment.NewLine;
        }
 
        private int Add(int x, int y)
        {
            return x+y;
        }
 
        private int Reduce(int x, int y)
        {
            return x - y;
        }

结果显示:

C#使用Lambda表达式简化代码的示例详解

上面通过对比说明了Lambda表达式的应用,可以看出这样的写法相比传统的写法还是干净利落,的确简洁而优雅一些。   

上面的可以改写:

        private delegate int calculate1(int x, int y,string str);//声明一个用于计算的委托类型
        private calculate1 MyCalculate1;//声明一个委托实例
        MyCalculate1 = (int x, int y,string StrOP) => {
                switch (StrOP)
                {
                    case "+":
                        return x + y; break;
                    case "-": return x - y; break;
                    default: return 0; break;
                }
        };
        textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + $"两数相加结果:{MyCalculate1(7, 2,"+").ToString()}" + Environment.NewLine;
        textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + $"两数相减结果:{MyCalculate1(7, 2,"-").ToString()}" + Environment.NewLine;

或者:

            Func<int, int, string,int> MyOperate = (int x, int y, string StrOP) => {
                switch (StrOP)
                {
                    case "+":
                        return x + y; break;
                    case "-": return x - y; break;
                    default: return 0;break;
                    }
            };
            textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + $"两数相加结果:{MyOperate(7, 2,"+").ToString()}" + Environment.NewLine;
            textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + $"两数相减结果:{MyOperate(7, 2,"-").ToString()}" + Environment.NewLine;

从上面的代码演示中可以看出,Lambda与委托是紧密相连的。

举例2:求几个数的最大值与最小值。

① 一般写法:

        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            textBox1.Text += "最大值:"+GetMax(new int[6]{7, 11,23,4,15,6}).ToString();
            textBox1.Text += Environment.NewLine;
            textBox1.Text += "最小值:" + GetMin(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }).ToString();
        }
 
        private static int GetMax(int[] Arr)
        {
            int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
            foreach( int a in Arr)
            {
                if(a > ReturnValue) ReturnValue = a;
            }
 
            return ReturnValue;
        }
 
        private static int GetMin(int[] Arr)
        {
            int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
            foreach (int a in Arr)
            {
                if (a < ReturnValue) ReturnValue = a;
            }
            return ReturnValue;
        }

② 使用委托来改写:

        //声明委托
        private delegate int GetMaxOrMin(int[] Arr);
        private GetMaxOrMin MyGetMaxOrMin;
 
        //定义函数
        private static int GetMax(int[] Arr)
        {
            int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
            foreach( int a in Arr)
            {
                if(a > ReturnValue) ReturnValue = a;
            }
 
       开发者_JAVA开发     return ReturnValue;
        }
 
        private static int GetMin(int[] Arr)
        {
            int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
            foreach (int a in Arr)
            {
                if (a < ReturnValue) ReturnValue = a;
            }
            return ReturnValue;
        }
        
        //使用
        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            MyGetMaxOrMin = new GetMaxOrMin( GetMax);
            textBox1.Text += "最大值:" + MyGetMaxOrMin(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, http://www.devze.com6 }).ToString();
            textBox1.Text += Environment.NewLine;
            MyGetMaxOrMin = new GetMaxOrMin(GetMin);
            textBox1.Text += "最小值:" + MyGetMaxOrMin(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }).ToString();
        }

③ 使用自定义的委托

            MyGetMaxOrMin=delegate(int[] Arr)
            {
                int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
                foreach (int a in Arr)
                {
                    if (a > ReturnValue) ReturnValue = a;
                }
 
                return ReturnValue;
            };
            textBox1.Text += "最大值:" + MyGetMaxOrMin(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }).ToString();
            MyGetMaxOrMin = delegate (int[] Arr)
            {
                int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
                foreach (int a in Arr)
                {
                    if (a < ReturnValue) ReturnValue = a;
                }
                return ReturnValue;
            };
            textBox1.Text += "最小值:" + GetMin(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }).ToString();

到这里,我们看到这两个方法只是判断位置的代码略有不同,其他的都相同,那么这个地方就可以使用委托来代替,就是把判断方法当做参数传进去。

        private delegate Boolean Judge(int x,int y);//定义判断
        private Judge MyJudge;//实例化委托
 
        private delegatandroide int GetMaxOrMin(int[] Arr,Judge j);//定义得到最大值或者最小值的计算方法
        private GetMaxOrMin MyGetMaxOrMin;//实例化
 
        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {            
            MyGetMaxOrMin=delegate(int[] Arr,Judge MyJude)
            {
                int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
                foreach (int a in Arr)
                {
                    if (MyJudge(a,ReturnValue)) ReturnValue = a;
                }
                return ReturnValue;
            };
            MyJudge = delegate (int x, int y) { return x > y; };
            textBox1.Text += "最大值:" + MyGetMaxOrMin(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 },MyJudge).ToString();
            MyJudge = delegate (int x, int y) { return x < y; };
            textBox1.Text += "最小值:" + MyGetMaxOrMin(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 },MyJudge).ToString();
        }

上面的写法的效果是一样的。

④ 使用Func委托

            Func<int[],Judge,int> MyGetMax = (int[] Arr,Judge MyJudge) => {
                int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
                foreach (int a in Arr)
                {
                    if (MyJudge(a, ReturnValue)) ReturnValue = a;
                }
                return ReturnValue;
            };
            MyJudge = delegate (int x, int y) { return x > y; };
            textBox1.Text += "最大值:" + MyGetMax(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 },MyJudge).ToString();
            MyJudge = delegate (int x, int y) { return x < y; };
            textBox1.Text += "最小值:" + MyGetMax(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }, MyJudge).ToString();

⑤ 使用更简洁的Lambda表达式

            var MyGetMaxOrMin1 = (int[] Arr,Judge J1 ) =>
            {
                int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
                foreach (int a in Arr)
                {
                    if (J1(a, ReturnValue)) ReturnValue = a;
                }
                return ReturnValue;
            };
            Judge JudgeMax = (int x, int y) => { return x > y; };
            textBox1.Text += "最大值:" + MyGetMaxOrMin1(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }, JudgeMax).ToString();
            Judge JudgeMin = (int x, int y) => { return x < y; };
            textBox1.Text += "最小值:" + MyGetMaxOrMin1(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }, JudgeMin).ToString();

完整代码:

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
 
namespace Lambda
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        private delegate int calculate(int x, int y);//声明一个用于计算的委托类型
        private calculate MyCalculate;//声明一个委托实例
 
        private delegate int calculate1(int x, int y,string str);//声明一个用于计算的委托类型
        private calculate1 MyCalculate1;//声明一个委托实例
 
        private delegate Boolean Judge(int x,int y);
        private Judge MyJudge;
 
        private delegate int GetMaxOrMinA(int[] Arr);
        private GetMaxOrMinA MyGetMaxOrMinA;
 
        private delegate int GetMaxOrMin(int[] Arr,Judge j);
        private GetMaxOrMin MyGetMaxOrMin;
 
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
 
        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            textBox1.Text += "最大值:" + GetMax(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }).ToString();
            textBox1.Text += "最小值:" + GetMin(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }).ToString();
            textBox1.Text += Environment.NewLine +"=====" + Environment.NewLine;
 
            MyGetMaxOrMinA = new GetMaxOrMinA(GetMax);
            textBox1.Text += "最大值:" + MyGetMaxOrMinA(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }).ToString();
            MyGetMaxOrMinA = new GetMaxOrMinA(GetMin);
            textBox1.Text += "最小值:" + MyGetMaxOrMinA(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }).ToString();
            textBox1.Text += Environment.NewLine + "=====" + Environment.NewLine;
 
            MyGetMaxOrMin = delegate (int[] Arr, Judge MyJude)
            {
                int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
                foreach (int a in Arr)
                {
                    if (MyJudge(a, ReturnValue)) ReturnValue = a;
                }
                return ReturnValue;
            };
            MyJudge = delegate (int x, int y) { return x > y; };
            textBox1.Text += "最大值:" + MyGetMaxOrMin(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }, MyJudge).ToString();
            MyJudge = delegate (int x, int y) { return x < y; };
            textBox1.Text += "最小值:" + MyGetMaxOrMin(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }, MyJudge).ToString();
            textBox1.Text += Environment.NewLine +"=====" + Environment.NewLine;
 
            Func<int[], Judge, int> MyGetMax = (int[] Arr, Judge MyJudge) =>
            {
                int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
                foreach (int a in Arr)
                {
                    if (MyJudge(a, ReturnValue)) ReturnValue = a;
                }
                return ReturnValue;
            };
            MyJudge = delegate (int x, int y) { return x > y; };
            textBox1.Text += "最大值:" + MyGetMax(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }, MyJudge).ToString();
            MyJudge = delegate (int x, int y) { return x < y; };
            textBox1.Text += "最小值:" + MyGetMax(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }, MyJudge).ToString();
            textBox1.Text += Environment.NewLine +http://www.devze.com"=====" + Environment.NewLine;
 
            var MyGetMaxOrMin1 = (int[] Arr,Judge Judge1 ) =>
            {
                int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
                foreach (int a in Arr)
                {
                    if (Judge1(a, ReturnValue)) ReturnValue = a;
                }
                return ReturnValue;
            };
            Judge JudgeMax = (int x, int y) => { return x > y; };
            textBox1.Text += "最大值:" + MyGetMaxOrMin1(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }, JudgeMax).ToString();
            Judge JudgeMin = (int x, int y) => { return x < y; };
            textBox1.Text += "最小值:" + MyGetMaxOrMin1(new int[6] { 7, 11, 23, 4, 15, 6 }, JudgeMin).ToString();
 
        }
        private static int GetMax(int[] Arr)
        {
            int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
            foreach( int a in Arr)
  www.devze.com          {
                if(a > ReturnValue) ReturnValue = a;
            }
 
            return ReturnValue;
        }
 
        private static int GetMin(int[] Arr)
        {
            int ReturnValue = Arr[0];
            foreach (int a in Arr)
            {
                if (a < ReturnValue) ReturnValue = a;
            }
            return ReturnValue;
        }
 
        private static List<int> GetEven(List<int> list)
        {
            List<int> ReturnList =new List<int>();
            foreach (var a in list)
            {
                if (a %2 == 0) ReturnList.Add(a);
            }
            return ReturnList;
        }
 
        private static List<int> GetOdd(List<int> list)
        {
            List<int> ReturnList = new List<int>();
            foreach (var a in list)
            {
                if ( (a+1) % 2 == 0) ReturnList.Add(a);
            }
            return ReturnList;
        }
 
    }
}

显示结果图:

C#使用Lambda表达式简化代码的示例详解

到此这篇关于C#使用Lambda表达式简化代码的示例详解的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关C# Lambda表达式内容请搜索我们以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持我们!

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