Python中的datetime包与time包包和模块详情

目录

• 一、datetime包
• 1.timedelta(params…)得到一个时间增量对象
• 2.timezone(timedelta)+timedelta(params…)创建时区对象
• 3.datetime模块
• datetime.strftime(fmt)datetime时间对象转字符串
• datetime.strptime(date_string,fmt)字符串转成datetime时间对象
• datetime.timestamp(datetime_obj)将datetime时间对象转换成秒级时间戳
• datetime.fromtimestamp(t)将秒级时间戳转换成datetime时间对象
• 4.使用datetime对象+timedelta(params…)进行时间运算
• 二、time包
• 1.time.time()得到当前秒级时间戳
• 2.time.localtime(second)将秒转换成time时间对象
• 3.time.strftime(fmt,time_obj)将time时间对象转换成字符串
• 4.time.strptime(time_string,fmt)将字符串转换成time时间对象
• 5.time.sleep(second)休眠second秒

一、datetime包

1.timedelta(params…)得到一个时间增量对象

# coding:utf-8

from datetime import timedelta

if __name__ == '__main__':
  # 常用参数 hours:小时 days:天 seconds:秒 milliseconds:毫秒
  delta = timedelta(hours=2)
  print(delta) # 2:00:00
  print(type(delta)) # <class 'datetime.timedelta'>

2.timezone(timedelta) + timedelta(params…) 创建时区对象

# coding:utf-8

from datetime import timedelta, timezone

if __name__ == '__main__':
  delta = timedelta(hours=2)
  zone = timezone(delta) #配合timedelta创建时区对象
  print(zone) # UTC+02:00
  print(type(zone)) # <class 'datetime.timezone'>

3.datetime模块

datetime.now(timezone) 获取当前时间datetime对象
# coding:utf-8

from datetime import timedelta, timezone, datetime

if __name__ == '__main__':
  '''
  获取当前时间，可以获取指定时区的当前时间
  datetime.now(timezone)
  '''
  now = datetime.now()
  print(now) # 2022-02-23 13:59:59.224286
  print(type(now)) # <class 'datetime.datetime'>

  # 设置指定时区的当前时间
  print(datetime.now((timezone(timedelta(hours=9))))) # 2022-02-23 14:59:59.224286+09:00

datetime.strftime(fmt) datetime时间对象转字符串

# coding:utf-8

from datetime import datetime

if __name__ == '__main__':
  '''
  datetime.strftime(fmt)
  将时间对象转换成字符串
  fmt:格式化标准，由格式符组成
  常用格式符(年:%Y,月:%m,日:%D,时:%H,分:%M,秒:%S)
  '''
  now = datetime.now()
  print(now.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')) # 2022-02-23 14:04:24

datetime.strptime(date_string,fmt) 字符串转成datetime时间对象

# coding:utf-8
from datetime import datetime

if __name__ == '__main__':
  '''
  datetime编程客栈.strptime(date_string,fmt)
  将字符串转换成时间对象，要求date_string的格式完全匹配fmt格式化标准
  '''
  time_obj = datetime.strptime('2022-2-22', '%Y-%m-%d')
  # datetiwww.cppcns.comme.strptime('2022-2-22', '%Y-%m-%d %H') Error date_string 中不存在小时而fmt中要求有小时
  print(datetime.strptime('2022-2-22 14', '%Y-%m-%d %H')) # 2022-02-22 14:00:00
  print(time_obj) # 2022-02-22 00:00:00
  print(type(time_obj)) # <class 'datetime.datetime'>

datetime.timestamp(datetime_obj) 将datetime时间对象转换成秒级时间戳

# coding:utf-8

from datetime import datetime

if __name__ == '__main__':
  '''
  datetime.timestamp(datetime_obj)
  datetime_obj:datetime 时间对象
  返回 float
  '''
  print(datetime.timestamp(KzxNADWXdatetime.now())) # 1645598565.715

datetime.fromtimestamp(t) 将秒级时间戳转换成datetime时间对象

# coding:utf-8

from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone

if __name__ == '__main__':
  '''
  datetime.fromtimestamp(t)
  t:秒级时间戳 float类型
  返回:datetime时间对象
  '''
  datetime_obj = datetime.fromtimestamp(1645598565.715)
  print(datetime_obj) # 2022-02-23 14:42:45.715000
  print(type(datetime_obj)) # <class 'datetime.datetime'>

4.使用datetime对象 + timedelta(params…) 进行时间运算

# coding:utf-8

from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone

if __name_www.cppcns.com_ == '__main__':
  now = datetime.now()
  fmt = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
  print(now.strftime(fmt)) # 2022-02-23 15:07:01

  # 3小时后时间
  print((now + timedelta(hours=3)).strftime(fmt)) # 2022-02-23 18:07:01

  # 3小时前时间
  print((now - timedelta(hours=3)).strftime(fmt)) # 2022-02-23 12:07:01
  print((now + timedelta(hours=-3)).strftime(fmt)) # 2022-02-23 12:07:01

  # 建议timedelta的参数都使用正数(容易理解)

二、time包

1.time.time() 得到当前秒级时间戳

# coding:utf-8

import time

if __name__ == '__main__':
  print(time.time()) # 1645667203.7236724

2.timKzxNADWXe.localtime(second) 将秒转换成time时间对象

# coding:utf-8

import time

if __name__ == '__main__':
  # second 不填，则默认当前的时间戳
  t = time.localtime(time.time())
  t2 = time.localtime()
  print(t) # time.struct_time(tm_year=2022, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=24, tm_hour=10, tm_min=10, tm_sec=8, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=55, tm_isdst=0)
  print(t2) # time.struct_time(tm_year=2022, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=24, tm_hour=10, tm_min=10, tm_sec=8, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=55, tm_isdst=0)
  print(type(t)) # <class 'time.struct_time'>
  print(type(t2)) # <class 'time.struct_time'>

3.time.strftime(fmt,time_obj) 将time时间对象转换成字符串

# coding:utf-8

import time

if __name__ == '__main__':
  """
  time.strftime(fmt,time_obj)
  fmt:格式化标准 参考 datetime.strftime(fmt)
  time_obj:time时间对象，不填默认是当前日期的time时间对象
  """
  t = time.localtime(time.time() + 3600)
  print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')) # 2022-02-24 10:16:17
  print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', t)) # 2022-02-24 11:16:17

4.time.strptime(time_string,fmt) 将字符串转换成time时间对象

# coding:utf-8

import time

if __name__ == '__main__':
  """
  time.strptime(time_string,fmt)
  参考 datetime.strptime(date_string,fmt)
  time_string:时间字符串
  fmt:格式化标准
  """
  fmt = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
  t = time.strftime(fmt, time.localtime())
  print(t) # 2022-02-24 10:25:17
  print(time.strptime(t, fmt)) # time.struct_time(tm_year=2022, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=24, tm_hour=10, tm_min=25, tm_sec=40, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=55, tm_isdst=-1)

5.time.sleep(second) 休眠 second 秒

# coding:utf-8

import time

if __name__ == '__main__':
  print(time.time()) # 1645670183.6567423
  time.sleep(2)
  print(time.time()) # 1645670185.6708047

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