分享11个Python自动化操作Excel的方法

目录

• 一、openpyxl是什么
• 二、openpy编程客栈xl安装
• 三、openpyxl操作指南
• 1、创建工作簿
• 2、写工作簿
• 3、插入图片
• 4、删除行和列
• 5、将工作表转换为数据框
• 6、2D区域图
• 7、雷达图
• 8、使用公式
• 9、给单元格设定字体颜色
• 10、设定字体和大小
• 11、设定单元格的边框、字体、颜色、大小和边框背景色

前言：

今天我教大家如何利用python自动化操作Excel，包括：介绍操作Excel的工具包、安装方法及操作Excel具体方法。对于每天有大量重复性工作的同学来说，这款工具绝对是福利。

一、openpyxl是什么

openpyxl是一个Python库，用于读取/写入Excel xlsx / xlsm / xltx / xltm文件。它的诞生是因为缺少可从Python本地读取/写入Office Open XML格式的库。官方文档

二、openpyxl安装

使用pip安装openpyxl。建议在不带系统软件包的Python virtualenv中执行此操作：

pip install openpyxl

支持流行的lxml库（如果已安装）。这在创建大文件时特别有用。

三、openpyxl操作指南

1、创建工作簿

from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()
ws_00 = wb.active #默认不取名称
ws_00['A1']= 'Python学习与数据挖掘'
ws_01 = wb.create_sheet("new_sheet", 0) # 取一个new_sheet的名称
ws_01['A1']= 23
wb.save('/Users/***/Desktop/document.xlsx')

2、写工作簿

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter
wb = Workbook()
dest_filename = '/Users/****/Desktop/empty_book.xlsx'
ws1 = wb.active
ws1.title = "range names"
for row in range(1, 40):
  ws1.append(range(600))
ws2 = wb.create_sheet(title="Pi")
ws2['F5'] = 3.14
ws3 = wb.create_sheet(title="Data")
for row in range(10, 20):
  for col in range(27, 54):
    _ = ws3.cell(column=col, row=row, value="{0}".format(get_column_letter(col)))
wb.save(filename = dest_filename)

3、插入图片

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
ws['A1'] = 'You should see three logos below'
img = Image('/Users/***/work/logo.png')
ws.add_image(img, 'A1')

wb.save('/Users/***/document01.xlsx')

4、删除行和列

删除列F:H

ws.delete_cols(6, 3)

5、将工作表转换为数据框

df = DataFrame(ws.values)

6、2D区域图

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.chart import (
  AreaChart,
  Reference,
  Series,
)
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
rows = [
  ['Number', 'Batch 1', 'Batch 2'],
  www.cppcns.com[2, 40, 30],
  [3, 40, 25],
  [4, 50, 30],
  [5, 30, 10],
  [6, 25, 5],
  [7, 50, 10],
]
for row in rows:
  ws.append(row)
chart = AreaChart()
chart.title = "Area Chart"
chart.style = 13
chart.x_axis.title = 'Test'
chart.y_axis.title = 'Percentage'
cats = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=1, max_row=7)
data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=7)
chart.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True)
chart.set_categories(cats)
ws.add_chart(chart, "A10")
wb.save("area.xlsx")

7、雷达图

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.chart import (
  RadarChart,
  Reference,
)
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
rows = [
  ['Month', "Bulbs", "Seeds", "Flowers", "Trees & shrubs"],
  ['Jan', 0, 2500, 500, 0,],
  ['Feb', 0, 5500, 750, 1500],
  ['Mar', 0, 9000, 1500, 2500],
  ['Apr', 0, 6500, 2000, 4000],
  ['May', 0, 3500, 5500, 3500],
  ['Jun', 0, 0, 7500, 1500],
  ['Jul', 0, 0, 8500, 800],
  ['Aug', 1500, 0, 7000, 550],
  ['Sep', 5000, 0, 3500, 2500],
  ['Oct', 8500, 0, 2500, 6000],
  ['Nov', 3500, 0, 500, 5500],
  ['Dec', 500, 0, 100, 3000 ],
]
for row in rows:
  ws.append(row)
chart = RadarChart()
chart.type = "filled"
labels = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=2, max_row=13)
data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, max_col=5, mihttp://www.cppcns.comn_row=1, max_row=13)
chart.add_data(data, titles_from_LNnQVyXlhzdata=True)
chart.set_categories(labels)
chart.style = 26
chart.title = "Garden Centre Sales"
chart.y_axis.delete = True
ws.add_chart(chart, "A17")
wb.save("radar.xlsx")

8、使用公式

业务中需要批量处理的操作，我们可以代码化。Python利用Excel的公式功能来处理数据，可以达到事半功倍的效果。

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb = load_workbook('/Users/***/work/document01.xlsx')
ws1=wb.active
ws1["F2"] = "=SUM(B2:E2)"  # 使用公式
# Save the file
wb.save('/Users/***/Desktop/document01.xlsx')

9、给单元格设定字体颜色

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import colors
from openpyxl.styles import Font
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
a1 = ws['A1']
d4 = ws['D4']
ft = Font(color=colors.RED) # color="FFBB00"，颜色编码也可以设定颜色
a1.font = ft
d4.font = ft
# If you want to change the color of a Font, you need to reassign it::
#italic 倾斜字体
a1.font = Font(color=colors.RED, italic=True) # the change only affects A1
a1.value = "abc"
# Save the file
wb.save("/Users/***/Desktop/document01.xlsx")

10、设定字体和大小

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import colors
from openpyxl.styles import Font
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
a1 = ws['A1']
d4 = ws['D4']
a1.value = "abc"
from openpyxl.styles import Font
from copy import copy
ft1 = Font(name=u'宋体', size=14)
ft2 = copy(ft1)  #复制字体对象
ft2.name = "Tahoma"

11、设定单元格的边框、字体、颜色、大小和边框背景色

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font
from openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle, Font, Border, Side,PatternFill
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
highlight = NamedStyle(name="highlight")
highlight.font = Font(bold=True, size=20,color= "ff0100")
highlight.fill = PatternFill("solid", fgColor="DDDDDD")#背景填充
bd = Side(style='thick', color="000000")
highlight.border = Border(left=bd, top=bd, right=bd, bottom=bd)
print dir(ws["A1"])
ws["A1"].www.cppcns.comstyle =highlight
# Save the file
wb.save("/Users/***/Desktop/document01.xlsx")

到此这篇关于分享11 个Python自动化操作Excel的方法的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Python自动化操作Excel方法内容请搜索我们以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持我们！