一个Python案例带你掌握xpath数据解析方法

目录

• xpath基本概念
• xpath解析原理
• 环境安装
• 如何实例化一个etwww.cppcns.comree对象
• xpath(‘xpath表达式’)
• xpath爬取58二手房实例
• xpath图片解析下载实例
• xpath爬取全国城市名称实例
• xpath爬取简历模板实例

xpath基本概念

xpath解析：最常用且最便捷高效的一种解析方式。通用性强。

xpath解析原理

1.实例化一个etree的对象，且需要将被解析的页面源码数据加载到该对象中

2.调用etree对象中的xpath方法结合xpath表达式实现标签的定位和内容的捕获。

环境安装

pipinstalllxml

如何实例化一个etree对象

fromlxmlimportetree

1.将本地的html文件中的远吗数据加载到etree对象中：

etree.parse(filePath)

2.可以将从互联网上获取的原码数据加载到该对象中：

etree.HTML(‘page_text')

xpath(‘xpath表达式’)

1./:表示的是从根节点开始定位。表示一个层级

2.//:表示多个层级。可以表示从任意位置开始定位

3.属性定位：//div[@class='song'] tag[@attrName='attrValue']

4.索引定位：//div[@class='song']/p[3] 索引从1开始的

5.取文本：

• /text()获取的是标签中直系的文本内容
• //text()标签中非直系的文本内容（所有文本内容）

6.取属性：/@attrName ==>img/src

xpath爬取58二手房实例

完整代码

fromlxmlimportetree
importrequests

if__name__=='__main__':
headers={
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT10.0;Win64;x64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chrome/84.0.4147.105Safari/537.36'
}
url='https://xa.58.com/ershoufang/'
page_text=requests.get(url=url,headers=headers).text
tree=etree.HTML(page_text)
div_list=tree.xpath('//section[@class="list"]/div')
fp=open('./58同城二手房.txt','w',encoding='utf-8')
fordivindiv_list:
title=div.xpath('.//div[@class="property-content-title"]/h3/text()')[0]
print(title)
fp.write(title+'\n'+'\n')

xpath图片解析下载实例

完整代码

importrequests,os
fromlxmlimportetree

if__name__=='__main__':
headers={
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT10.0;Win64;x64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chro编程客栈me/84.0.4147.105Safari/537.36'
}
url='https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/'
page_text=requests.get(url=url,headers=headers).text
tree=etree.HTML(page_text)
li_list=tree.xpath('//div[@class="slist"]/ul/li/a')
ifnotos.path.exists('./piclibs'):
os.mkdir('./piclibs')
forliinli_list:
detail_url='https://pic.netbian.com'+li.xpath('./img/@src')[0]
detail_name=li.xpath('./img/@alt')[0]+'.jpg'
detail_name=detail_name.encode('iso-8859-1').decode('GBK')
detail_path='.http://www.cppcns.com/piclibs/'+detail_name
detail_data=requests.get(url=detail_url,headers=headers).content
withopen(detail_path,'wb')asfp:
fp.write(detail_data)
print(detail_name,'seccess!!')

xpath爬取全国城市名称实例

完整代码

importrequests
fromlxmlimportetree

if__name__=='__main__':
url='https://www.aqistudy.cn/historydata/'
headers={
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT10.0;Win64;x64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chrome/87.0.4280.141Safari/537.36',
}
page_text=requests.get(url=url,headers=headers).content.decode('utf-8')
tree=etree.HTML(page_text)
#热门城市//div[@class="bottom"]/ul/li
#全部城市//div[@class="bottom"]/ul/div[2]/li
a_list=tree.xpath('//div[@class="bottom"]/ul/li|//div[@class="bottom"]/ul/div[2]/li')
fp=open('./citys.txt','w',encoding='utf-8')
i=0
foraina_list:
city_name=a.xpath('.//a/text()')[0]
fp.write(city_name+'\t')
i=i+1
ifi==6:
i=0
fp.write('\n')
print('爬取成功')

xpath爬取简历模板实例

完整代码

importrequests,os
fromlxmlimwww.cppcns.comportetree

if__name__=='__main__':
url='https://sc.chinaz.com/jianli/free.html'
headers={
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT10.0;Win64;x64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chrome/87.0.4280.141Safari/537.36',
}
page_text=requests.get(url=url,headers=headers).content.decode('utf-8')
tree=etree.HTML(page_text)
a_list=tree.xpath('//div[@class="boxcol3ws_block"]/a')
ifnotos.path.exists('./简历模板'):
os.mkdir('./简历模板')
foraina_list:
detail_url='https:'+a.xpath('./@href')[0]
detail_page_text=requests.get(url=detail_url,headers=headers).content.decode('utf-8')
detail_tree=etree.HTML(detail_page_text)
detail_a_list=detail_tree.xpath('//div[@class="clearfixmt20downlist"]/ul/li[1]/ahttp://www.cppcns.com')
foraindetail_a_list:
download_name=detail_tree.xpath('//div[@class="ppt_titclearfix"]/h1/text()')[0]
download_url=a.xpath('./@href')[0]
download_data=requests.get(url=download_url,headers=headers).content
download_path='./简历模板/'+download_name+'.rar'
withopen(download_path,'wb')asfp:
fp.write(download_data)
print(download_name,'success!!')

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