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python PyGame五子棋小游戏

目录
  • 前言
  • 五子棋小游戏
    • 1、简介
    • 2、环境准备
    • 3、初始化环境
    • 4、棋盘
    • 5、黑白棋子
    • 6、对局信息
    • 7、AI
    • 8、完善
  • 总结

    前言

    PyGame 是一个专门设计来进行游戏开发设计的 python 模块,允许实时电子游戏研发而无需被低级语言(如机器语言和汇编语言)束缚,使用起来非常的简单,非常适合新手拿来玩耍,本教程源码均基于 Python 3.x 版本。

    五子棋小游戏

    1、简介

    五子棋是我们小时候经常玩的两人对弈策略小游戏,规则简单:

    1、对局双方各执一色棋子,常为黑白两色;2、空棋盘开局;3、黑先、白后,交替下子,每次只能下一子;4、棋子下在棋盘的空白点上,棋子下定后,不得向其它点移动,不得从棋盘上拿掉或拿起另落别处;5、黑方的第一枚棋子可下在棋盘任意交叉点上;6、轮流下子是双方的权利,但允许任何一方放弃下子权,先形成5子连线者获胜;

    五子棋容易上手,规则简单,老少皆宜,而且趣味横生,引人入胜。它不仅能增强思维能力,提高智力,而且富含哲理,有助于修身养性。

    2、环境准备

    本次教程需要提前安装好 Python 3.x 环境以及 PyGame 模块,Python 环境建议安装 Anaconda 以及 Jupyter,对于新手比较友好!

    pip install jupyter
    pip install pygame
    

    安装好 PyGame 模块之后,咱们就可以正式开写了!

    3、初始化环境

    首先需要引入以下模块:

    import sys
    import random
    import pygame
    from pygame.locals import *
    import pygame.gfxdraw
    from collections import namedtuple
    

    接着我们初始化棋盘的一些变量,便于下面写代码:

    Chessman = namedtuple('Chessman', 'Name Value Color')
    Point = namedtuple('Point', 'X Y')
    
    BLACK_CHESSMAN = Chessman('黑子', 1, (45, 45, 45))
    WHITE_CHESSMAN = Chessman('白子', 2, (219, 219, 219))
    
    offset = [(1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, -1)]
    
    SIZE = 30  # 棋盘每个点时间的间隔
    Line_Points = 19  # 棋盘每行/每列点数
    Outer_Width = 20  # 棋盘外宽度
    Border_Width = 4  # 边框宽度
    Inside_Width = 4  # 边框跟实际的棋盘之间的间隔
    Border_Length = SIZE * (Line_Points - 1) + Inside_Width * 2 + Border_Width  # 边框线的长度
    Start_X = Start_Y = Outer_Width + int(Border_Width / 2) + Inside_Width  # 网格线起点(左上角)坐标
    SCREEN_HEIGHT = SIZE * (Line_Points - 1) + Outer_Width * 2 + Border_Width + Inside_Width * 2  # 游戏屏幕的高
    SCREEN_WIDTH = SCREEN_HEIGHT + 200  # 游戏屏幕的宽
    
    Stone_Radius = SIZE // 2 - 3  # 棋子半径
    Stone_Radius2 = SIZE // 2 + 3
    Checkerboard_Color = (0xE3, 0x92, 0x65)  # 棋盘颜色
    BLACK_COLOR = (0, 0, 0)
    WHITE_COLOR = (255, 255, 255)
    RED_COLOR = (200, 30, 30)
    BLUE_COLOR = (30, 30, 200)
    
    RIGHT_INFO_POS_X = SCREEN_HEIGHT + Stone_Radius2 * 2 + 10
    

    4、棋盘

    通过上述变量画出棋盘,主要源码如下:

    # 画棋盘
    def _draw_checkerboard(screen):
        # 填充棋盘背景色
        screen.fill(Checkerboard_Color)
        # 画棋盘网格线外的边框
        pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLACK_COLOR, (Outer_Width, Outer_Width, Border_Length, Border_Length), Border_Width)
        # 画网格线
        for i in range(Line_Points):
            pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK_COLOR,
                             (Start_Y, Start_Y + SIZE * i),
                             (Start_Y + SIZE * (Line_Points - 1), Start_Y + SIZE * i),
                             1)
        for j in range(Line_Points):
            pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK_COLOR,
                             (Start_X + SIZE * j, Start_X),
                             (Start_X + SIZE * j, Start_X + SIZE * (Line_Points - 1)),
                             1)
        # 画星位和天元
        for i in (3, 9, 15):
            for j in (3, 9, 15):
                if i == j == 9:
                    radius = 5
                else:
                    radius = 3
                # pygame.draw.circle(screen, BLACK, (Start_X + SIZE * i, Start_Y + SIZE * j), radius)
                pygame.gfxdraw.aacircle(screen, Start_X + SIZE * i, Start_Y + SIZE * j, radius, BLACK_COLOR)
                pygame.gfxdraw.filled_circle(screen, Start_X + SIZE * i, Start_Y + SIZE * j, radius, BLACK_COLOR)
    

    5、黑白棋子

    有了棋盘当然少不了黑白棋子,比较简单:

    # 画棋子
    def _draw_chessman(screen, point, stone_color):
        # pygame.draw.circle(screen, stone_color, (Start_X + SIZE * point.X, Start_Y + SIZE * point.Y), Stone_Radius)
        pygame.gfxdraw.aacircle(screen, Start_X + SIZE * point.X, Start_Y + SIZE * point.Y, Stone_Radius, stone_color)
        pygame.gfxdraw.filled_circle(screen, Start_X + SIZE * point.X, Start_Y + SIZE * point.Y, Stone_Radius, stone_color)
    

    6、对局信息

    每一局游戏不可缺少的就是双方玩家的对局信息,主要展示双方的黑白执子以及战况,关键源码如下:

    # 画左侧信息显示
    def _draw_left_info(screen, font, cur_runner, black_win_count, white_win_count):
        _draw_chessman_pos(screen, (SCREEN_HEIGHT + Stone_Radius2, Start_X + Stone_Radius2), BLACK_CHESSMAN.Color)
        _draw_chessman_pos(screen, (SCREEN_HEIGHT + Stone_Radius2, Start_X + Stone_Radius2 * 4), WHITE_CHESSMAN.Color)
    
        print_text(screen, font, RIGHT_INFO_POS_X, Start_X + 3, '玩家', BLUE_COLOR)
        print_text(screen, font, RIGHT_INFO_POS_X, Start_X + Stone_Radius2 * 3 + 3, '电脑', BLUE_COLOR)
    
        print_text(screen, font, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_HEIGHT - Stone_Radius2 * 8, '战况:', BLUE_COLOR)
        _draw_chessman_pos(screen, (SCREEN_HEIGHT + Stone_Radius2, SCREEN_HEIGHT - int(Stone_Radius2 * 4.5)), BLACK_CHESSMAN.Color)
        _draw_chessman_pos(screen, (SCREEN_HEIGHT + Stone_Radius2, SCREEN_HEIGHT - Stone_Radius2 * 2), WHITE_CHESSMAN.Color)
        print_text(screen, font, RIGHT_INFO_POSwww.cppcns.com_X, SCREEN_HEIGHT - int(Stone_Radius2 * 5.5) + 3, f'{black_win_count} 胜', BLUE_COLOR)
        print_text(screen, font, RIGHT_INFO_POS_X, SCREEN_HEIGHT - Stone_Radius2 * 3 + 3, f'{white_win_count} 胜', BLUE_COLOR)
    
    def _draw_chessman_pos(screen, pos, stone_color):
        pygame.gfxdraw.aacircle(screen, pos[0], pos[1], Stone_Radius2, stone_color)
        pygame.gfxdraw.filled_circle(screen, pos[0], pos[1], Stone_Radius2, stone_color)
    

    画出来的整体效果如下:

    python PyGame五子棋小游戏

    至此,整个棋盘的布局就完成了!

    7、AI

    由于咱们的小游戏不可以联机,因此大部分时间应该都是人机对下,这样就需要引入 AI 人机,让电脑作为对手陪我们下棋,主要源码如下:

    class AI:
        def __init__(self, line_points, chessman):
            self._line_points = line_points
            self._my = chessman
            self._opponent = BLACK_CHESSMAN if chessman == WHITE_CHESSMAN else WHITE_CHESSMAN
            self._checkerboard = [[0] * line_points for _ in range(line_points)]
    
        def get_opponent_drop(self, point):
            self._checkerboard[point.Y][point.X] = self._opponent.Value
    
        def AI_drop(self):
            point = None
            score = 0
            for i in range(self._line_points):
                for j in range(self._line_points):
                    if self._checkerboard[j][i] == 0:
                        _score = self._get_point_score(Point(i, j))
                        if _score > score:
                            score = _score
                            point = Point(i, j)
                        elif _score == score and _score > 0:
                            r = random.randint(0, 100)
                            if r % 2 == 0:
                                point = Point(i, j)
            self._checkerboard[point.Y][point.X] = self._my.Value
            return point
    
        def _get_point_score(self, point):
            score = 0
            for os in offset:
                score += self._get_direction_score(point, os[0], os[1])
            return score
    
        def _get_direction_score(self, point, x_offset, y_offset):
            count = 0   # 落子处我方连续子数
            _count = 0  # 落子处对方连续子数
            space = None   # 我方连续子中有无空格
            _space = None  # 对方连续子中有无空格
            both = 0    # 我方连续子两端有无阻挡
            _both = 0   # 对方连续子两端有无阻挡
    
            # 如果是 1 表示是边上是我方子,2 表示敌方子
            flag = self._get_stone_color(point, x_offset, y_offset, True)
            if flag != 0:
                for step in range(1, 6):
                    x = point.X + step * x_offset
                    y = point.Y + step * y_offset
                    if 0 <= x < self._line_points and 0 <= y < self._line_points:
                        if flag == 1:
                            if self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._my.Value:
                                count += 1
                                if space is False:
                                    space = True
                            elif self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._opponent.Value:
                                _both += 1
                                break
                            else:
                                if space is None:
                                    space = False
                                else:
                                    break   # 遇到第二个空格退出
                        elif flag == 2:
                            if self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._my.Value:
                                _both += 1
                                break
                            elif self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._opponent.Value:
                                _count += 1
                                if _space is False:
                                    _space = True
                            else:
                                if _space is None:
                                    _space = False
                                else:
                                    break
                    else:
                        # 遇到边也就是阻挡
                        if flag == 1:
                            both += 1
                        elif flag == 2:
                            _both += 1
    
            if space is False:
                space = None
            if _space is False:
                _space = None
    
            _flag = self._get_stone_color(point, -x_offset, -y_offset, True)
            if _flag != 0:
                for step in range(1, 6):
                    x = point.X - step * x_offset
                    y = point.Y - step * y_offset
                    if 0 <= x < self._line_points and 0 <= y < self._line_points:
                        if _flag == 1:
                            if self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._my.Value:
                                count += 1
                                if space ishttp://www.cppcns.com False:
                                    space = True
                            elif self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._opponent.Value:
                                _both += 1
                                break
                            else:
                                if space is None:
                                    space = False
                                else:
                                    break   # 遇到第二个空格退出
                        elif _flag == 2:
                            if self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._my.Value:
                                _both += 1
                                break
                            elif self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._opponent.Value:
                                _count += 1
                                if _space is False:
                                    _space = True
                            else:
                                if _space is None:
                                    _space = False
                                else:
                                    break
                    else:
                        # 遇到边也就是阻挡
                        if _flag == 1:
                            both += 1
                        elif _flag == 2:
                            _both += 1
    
            score = 0
            if count == 4:
                score = 10000
            elif _count == 4:
                score = 9000
            elif count == 3:
                if both == 0:
                    score = 1000
                elif both == 1:
                    score = 100
    编程客栈            else:
                    score = 0
            elif _count == 3:
          www.cppcns.com      if _both == 0:
                    score = 900
                elif _both == 1:
                    score = 90
                else:
                    score = 0
            elif count == 2:
                if both == 0:
                    score = 100
                elif both == 1:
                    score = 10
                else:
                    score = 0
            elif _count == 2:
                if _both == 0:
                    score = 90
                elif _both == 1:
                    score = 9
                else:
                    score = 0
            elwww.cppcns.comif count == 1:
                score = 10
            elif _count == 1:
                score = 9
            else:
                score = 0
    
            if space or _space:
                score /= 2
    
            return score
    
        # 判断指定位置处在指定方向上是我方子、对方子、空
        def _get_stone_color(self, point, x_offset, y_offset, next):
            x = point.X + x_offset
            y = point.Y + y_offset
            if 0 <= x < self._line_points and 0 <= y < self._line_points:
                if self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._my.Value:
                    return 1
                elif self._checkerboard[y][x] == self._opponent.Value:
                    return 2
                else:
                    if next:
                        return self._get_stone_color(Point(x, y), x_offset, y_offset, False)
                    else:
                        return 0
            else:
                return 0
    

    8、完善

    最后就是对规则的一些完善,比如落子,判断输赢以及胜利界面之类的编写,关键源码如下:

    class Checkerboard:
        def __init__(self, line_points):
            self._line_points = line_points
            self._checkerboard = [[0] * line_points for _ in range(line_points)]
    
        def _get_checkerboard(self):
            return self._checkerboard
    
        checkerboard = property(_get_checkerboard)
    
        # 判断是否可落子
        def can_drop(self, point):
            return self._checkerboard[point.Y][point.X] == 0
    
        def drop(self, chessman, point):
            """
            落子
            :param chessman:
            :param point:落子位置
            :return:若该子落下之后即可获胜,则返回获胜方,否则返回 None
            """
            print(f'{chessman.Name} ({point.X}, {point.Y})')
            self._checkerboard[point.Y][point.X] = chessman.Value
    
            if self._win(point):
                print(f'{chessman.Name}获胜')
                return chessman
    
        # 判断是否赢了
        def _win(self, point):
            cur_value = self._checkerboard[point.Y][point.X]
            for os in offset:
                if self._get_count_on_direction(point, cur_value, os[0], os[1]):
                    return True
    
        def _get_count_on_direction(self, point, value, x_offset, y_offset):
            count = 1
            for step in range(1, 5):
                x = point.X + step * x_offset
                y = point.Y + step * y_offset
                if 0 <= x < self._line_points and 0 <= y < self._line_points and self._checkerboard[y][x] == value:
                    count += 1
                else:
                    break
            for step in range(1, 5):
                x = point.X - step * x_offset
                y = point.Y - step * y_offset
                if 0 <= x < self._line_points and 0 <= y < self._line_points and self._checkerboard[y][x] == value:
                    count += 1
                else:
                    break
    
            return count >= 5
    

    至此,整个游戏就已经制作完成,下面我们可以试玩一下:

    python PyGame五子棋小游戏

    说来惭愧,竟不敌人机,再来一局,胜天半子,终于赢了!

    python PyGame五子棋小游戏

    总结

    到此这篇关于python PyGame五子棋小游戏的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关python PyGame五子棋内容请搜索我们以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持我们!

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