SpringBoot Cache缓存概念讲解
目录
- Cache自动配置
- ImportSelector
- GenericCacheConfiguration
- CacheManagerValidator
- Redis Cache
- RedisCacheConfiguration
- CacheCondition
- RedisCacheManager
- RedisCache
- RedisCacheWriter
Spring 3.1中引入了基于注解的Cache的支持,在spring-context包中定义了org.springframework.cache.CacheManager和org.springframework.cache.Cache接口,用来统一不同的缓存的技术。
CacheManager是Spring提供的各种缓存技术管理的抽象接口,而Cache接口包含缓存的增加、删除、读取等常用操作。针对CacheManager,Spring又提供了多种实现,比如基于Collection来实现的SimpleCacheManager、基于ConcurrentHashMap实现的ConcurrentMapCacheManager、基于EhCache实现的EhCacheCacheManager和基于JCache标准实现的JCacheCacheManager等。
Spring Cache提供了@CacheConfig、@Cacheable、@CachePut、@CacheEvict等注解来完成缓存的透明化操作,相关功能如下。
- @CacheConfig:用于类上,缓存一些公共设置。
- @Cacheable:用于方法上,根据方法的请求参数对结果进行缓存,下次读取时直接读取缓存内容。
- @CachePut:用于方法上,能够根据方法的请求参数对其结果进行缓存,和@Cacheable不同的是,它每次都会触发真实方法的调用
- @CacheEvict:用于方法上,清除该方法的缓存,用在类上清除整个类的方法的缓存。在了解了Spring Cache的基本作用的和定义之后,下面来看在Spring Boot中是如何对Cache进行自动配置的
Cache自动配置
在Spring Boot中,关于Cache的默认自动配置类只有CacheAutoConfiguration,主要用于缓存抽象的自动配置,当通过@EnableCaching启用缓存机制时,根据情况可创建CacheManager。对于缓存存储可以通过配置自动检测或明确指定。CacheAutoConfiguration同样在META-INF/spring.factories文件中配置注册。
# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
下面先来看CacheAutoConfiguration类的注解部分代码实现。
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) @ConditionalOnClass(CacheManager.class) @ConditionalOnBean(CacheASPectSupport.class) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = CacheManager.class, name = "cacheResolver") @EnableConfigurationProperties(CacheProperties.class) @AutoConfigureAfter({ CouchbaseAutoConfiguration.class, HazelcastAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class, RedisAutoConfiguration.class }) @Import(CacheConfigurationImportSelector.class) public class CacheAutoConfiguration { ... }
1、@ConditionalOnClass 指定需要在classpath下存在CacheManager类。
2、@ConditionalOnBean 指定需要存在CacheAspectSupport的Bean时才生效,换句话说,就是需要在使用了@EnableCaching时才有效。这是因为该注解隐式的导致了CacheInterceptor对应的Bean的初始化,而CacheInterceptor为CacheAspectSupport的子类。
3、@ConditionalOnMissingBean指定名称为cacheResolver的CacheManager对象不存在时生效。@EnableConfigurationProperties加载缓存的CacheProperties配置项,配置前缀为spring.cache。
4、@EnableConfigurationProperties加载缓存的CacheProperties配置项,配置前缀为spring.cache。@AutoConfigureAfter指定该自动配置必须在缓存数据基础组件自动配置之后进行,这里包括Couchbase、Hazelcast、HibernateJpa和Redis的自动配置。
5、@Import导入CacheConfigurationImportSelector,其实是导入符合条件的Spring Cache使用的各类基础缓存框架(或组件)的配置。
ImportSelector
static class CacheConfigurationImportSelector implements ImportSelector { @Override public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata) { CacheType[] types = CacheType.values(); String[] imports = new String[types.length]; for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++) { imports[i] = CacheConfigurations.getConfigurationClass(types[i]); } return imports; } }
导入类的获取是通过实现ImportSelector接口来完成的,具体获取步骤位于selectImports方法中。该方法中,首先获取枚举类CacheType中定义的缓存类型数据,CacheType中定义支持的缓存类型如下。
// 支持的缓存类型(按照优先级定义) public enum CacheTyppythone { // 使用上下文中的Cache Bean进行通用缓存 GENERIC, // JCache(jsR-107)支持的缓存 JCACHE, // EhCache支持的缓存 EHCACHE, // Hazelcast支持的缓存 HAZELCAST, // Infinispan支持的缓存 INFINISPAN, // Couchbase支持的缓存 COUCHBASE, // Redis支持的缓存 REDIS, // Caffeine支持的缓存 CAFFEINE, // 内存基本的简单缓存 SIMPLE, // 不支持缓存 NONE }
枚举类CacheType中定义了以上支持的缓存类型,而且上面的缓存类型默认是按照优先级从前到后的顺序排列的。selectImports方法中,当获取CacheType中定义的缓存类型数组之后,遍历该数组并通过CacheConfigurations的getConfigurationClass方法获得每种类型缓存对应的自动配置类(注解@Configuration的类)。CacheConfigurations相关代码如下。
final class CacheConfigurations { private static final Map<CacheType, Class<?>> MAPPINGS; // 定义CacheType与@Configuration之间的对应关系 static { Map<CacheType, Class<?>> mappings = new EnumMap<>(CacheType.class); mappings.put(CacheType.GENERIC, GenericCacheConfiguration.class); mappings.put(CacheType.EHCACHE, EhCacheCacheConfiguration.class); mappings.put(CacheType.HAZELCAST, HazelcastCacheConfiguration.class); mappings.put(CacheType.INFINISPAN, InfinispanCacheConfiguration.class); mappings.put(CacheType.JCACHE, JCacheCacheConfiguration.class); mappings.put(CacheType.COUCHBASE, CouchbaseCacheConfiguration.class); mappings.put(CacheType.REDIS, RedisCacheConfiguration.class); mappings.put(CacheType.CAFFEINE, CaffeineCacheConfiguration.class); mappings.put(CacheType.SIMPLE, SimpleCacheConfiguration.class); mappings.put(CacheType.NONE, NoOpCacheConfiguration.class); MAPPINGS = Collections.unmodifiableMap(mappings); } www.devze.com // 根据CacheType类型获得对应的@Configuration类 static String getConfigurationClass(CacheType cacheType) { Class<?> configurationClass = MAPPINGS.get(cacheType); Assert.state(configurationClass != null, () -> "Unknown cache type " + cacheType); return configurationClass.getName(); } ... }
我们会发现通过@Import注解,CacheAutoConfiguration导入了CacheType中定义的所有类型的自动配置,也就是Spring Boot目前支持的缓存类型。而具体会自动配置哪种类型的缓存,还需要看导入的自动配置类里面的生效条件。
GenericCacheConfiguration
// 实例化CacheManagerCustomizers @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean public CacheManagerCustomizers cacheManagerCustomizers( ObjectProvider<CacheManagerCustomizer<?>> customizers) { return new CacheManagerCustomizers( customizers.orderedStream().collect(Collectors.toList())); }
cacheManagerCusto开发者_Go开发mizers方法初始化了CacheManagerCustomizers对象的Bean,主要是将容器中存在的一个或多个CacheManagerCustomizer的Bean组件包装为CacheManager-Customizers,并将Bean注入容器。
CacheManagerValidator
cacheAutoConfigurationValidator方法初始化了CacheManagerValidator的Bean,该Bean用于确保容器中存在一个CacheManager对象,以达到缓存机制可以继续被配置和使用的目的,同时该Bean也用来提供有意义的异常声明。
// 实例化CacheManagerValidator @Bean public CacheManagerValidator cacheAutoConfigurationValidator(CacheProperties- cacheProperties, ObjectProvider<CacheManager> cacheManager) { return new CacheManagerValidator(cacheProperties, cacheManager); } // CacheManagerValidator的具体定义,用于检查并抛出有意义的异常 static class CacheManagerValidator implements InitializingBean { private final CacheProperties cacheProperties; private final ObjectProvider<CacheManager> cacheManager; CacheManagerValidator(CacheProperties cacheProperties, ObjectProvider<Cache- Manager> cacheManager) { this.cacheProperties = cacheProperties; this.cacheManager = cacheManager; } @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() { Assert.notNull(this.cacheManager.getIfAvailable(), () -> "No cache manager could be auto-configured, check your configuration (caching " + "type is '" + this.cacheProperties.getType() + "')"); } }
Redis Cache
RedisCacheConfiguration
我们以RedisCacheConfiguration为例进行分析。源码如下
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) @ConditionalOnClass(RedisConnectionFactory.class) @AutoConfigureAfter(RedisAutoConfiguration.class) @ConditionalOnBean(RedisConnectionFactory.class) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(CacheManager.class) @Conditional(CacheCondition.class) class RedisCacheConfiguration { @Bean RedisCacheManager cacheManager(CacheProperties cacheProperties, CacheManagerCustomizers cacheManagerCustomizers, ObjectProvider<org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration> redisCacheConfiguration, ObjectProvider<RedisCacheManagerBuilderCustomizer> redisCacheManagerBuilderCustomizers, RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory, ResourceLoader resourceLoader) { RedisCacheManagerBuilder builder = RedisCacheManager.builder(redisConnectionFactory).cacheDefaults( determineConfiguration(cacheProperties, redisCacheConfiguration, resourceLoader.getClassLoader())); List<String> cacheNames = cacheProperties.getCacheNames(); if (!cacheNames.isEmpty()) { builder.initialCacheNames(new LinkedHashSet<>(cacheNames)); } redisCacheManagerBuilderCustomizers.orderedStream().forEach((customizer) -> customizer.customize(builder)); return cacheManagerCustomizers.customize(builder.build()); } private org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration determineConfiguration( CacheProperties cacheProperties, ObjectProvider<org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration> redisCacheConfiguration, ClassLoader classLoader) { return redisCacheConfiguration.getIfAvailable(() -> createConfiguration(cacheProperties, classLoader)); } private org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration createConfiguration( CacheProperties cacheProperties, ClassLoader classLoader) { Redis redisProperties = cacheProperties.getRedis(); org.springframeworkandroid.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration config = org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration .defaultCacheConfig(); config = config.serializeValuesWith( SerializationPair.fromSerializer(new JdkSerializationRedisSerializer(classLoader))); if (redisProperties.getTimeToLive() != null) { config = config.entryTtl(redisProperties.getTimeToLive()); } if (redisProperties.getKeyPrefix() != null) { config = config.prefixCacheNameWith(redisProperties.getKeyPrefix()); } if (!redisProperties.isCacheNullValues()) { config = config.disableCachingNullValues(); } if (!redisProperties.isUseKeyPrefix()) { config = config.disableKeyPrefix(); } return config; } }
@ConditionalOnClass:当 RedisConnectionFactory 在存在时
@AutoConfigureAfter:在 RedisAutoConfiguration 之后加载
@ConditionalOnBean:RedisConnectionFactory 实例化之后
@ConditionalOnMissingBean:当 CacheManager 的 Bean 不存在时进行实例化操作
@Conditional:满足 CacheCondition 条件时,进行实例化操作
CacheCondition
class CacheCondition extends SpringBootCondition { @Override public ConditionOutcome getMatchOutcome(ConditionContext context, Annotated- TypeMetadata metadata) { String sourceClass = ""; if (metadata instanceof ClassMetadata) { sourceClass = ((ClassMetadata) metadata).getClassName(); } ConditionMessage.Builder message = ConditionMessage.forCondition("Cache", sourceClass); Environment environment = context.getEnvironment(); try { // 创建指定环境的Binder,然后绑定属性到对象上 BindResult<CacheType> specified = Binder.get(environment).bind("spri编程ng. cache.type", CacheType.class); // 如果未绑定,则返回匹配 if (!specified.isBound()) { return ConditionOutcome.match(message.because("automatic cache type")); } // 获取所需的缓存类型 CacheType required = CacheConfigurations.getType(((AnnotationMetadata) metadata).getClassName()); // 如果已绑定,并且绑定的类型与所需的缓存类型相同,则返回匹配 if (specified.get() == required) { return ConditionOutcome.match(message.because(specified.get() + " cache type")); } } catch (BindException ex) { } // 其他情况则返回不匹配 return ConditionOutcome.noMatch(message.because("unknown cache type")); } }
CacheCondition的核心逻辑就是首先通过Binder进行指定属性和类的绑定,然后通过绑定结果(BindResult)进行判断:如果判断结果是未绑定,则直接返回条件匹配;否则,判断绑定的缓存类型与所需的缓存类型是否相等,如果相等则返回条件匹配;其他情况则返回条件不匹配。
RedisCacheManager
1、管理多个 RedisCache
2、每个 RedisCache 包含一个 name
3、每个 RedisCache 可以包含一个 RedisCacheConfiguration(可以有默认配置)
4、支持配置是否动态增加 Cache
public abstract class AbstractCacheManager implements CacheManager, InitializingBean { private final ConcurrentMap<String, Cache> cacheMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16); private volatile Set<String> cacheNames = Collections.emptySet(); } public class RedisCacheManager extends AbstractTransactionSupportingCacheManager { private final RedisCacheWriter cacheWriter; private final RedisCacheConfiguration defaultCacheConfig; private final Map<String, RedisCacheConfiguration> initialCacheConfiguration; private final boolean allowInFlightcacheCreation; protected Collection<RedisCache> loadCaches() { List<RedisCache> caches = new LinkedList(); Iterator var2 = this.initialCacheConfiguration.entrySet().iterator(); while(var2.hasNext()) { Entry<String, RedisCacheConfiguration> entry = (Entry)var2.next(); caches.add(this.createRedisCache((String)entry.getKey(), (RedisCacheConfiguration)entry.getValue())); } return caches; } protected RedisCache getMissingCache(String name) { return this.allowInFlightCacheCreation ? this.createRedisCache(name, this.defaultCacheConfig) : null; } public Map<String, RedisCacheConfiguration> getCacheConfigurations() { Map<String, RedisCacheConfiguration> configurationMap = new HashMap(this.getCacheNames().size()); this.getCacheNames().forEach((it) -> { RedisCache cache = (RedisCache)RedisCache.class.cast(this.lookupCache(it)); configurationMap.put(itvHrKLxSFx, cache != null ? cache.getCacheConfiguration() : null); }); return Collections.unmodifiableMap(configurationMap); } protected RedisCache createRedisCache(String name, @Nullable RedisCacheConfiguration cacheConfig) { return new RedisCache(name, this.cacheWriter, cacheConfig != null ? cacheConfig : this.defaultCacheConfig); } }
RedisCache
public class RedisCache extends AbstractValueAdaptingCache { private static final byte[] BINARY_NULL_VALUE; private final String name; private final RedisCacheWriter cacheWriter; private final RedisCacheConfiguration cacheConfig; private final ConversionService conversionService; }
RedisCache 的特点
1、key 支持非 String 类型,比如 Map 和 Collection
2、RedisCacheWriter 是更底层的实现,RedisCache 对 RedisCacheWriter 进行封装。
3、通过 ConversionService 对 key 进行转换
RedisCacheWriter
通过 RedisConnectionFactory 取一个 RedisConnection,然后执行命令。putIfAbsent 支持分布式锁。
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