详解Python字典查找性能
目录
- timeit.repeat
- 字典获取性能
- 数据准备
- 复杂获取
- 总结
timeit.repeat
timeit.repeat默认会执行3轮,每轮执行1000000次。返回每轮的总执行时间列表
字典获取性能
大家都知道字典获取分为
中括号获取,获取不到会抛出KeyError
get获取,获取不到会返回默认值
下面比较两种获取方式的性能
数据准备
一条简单一条复杂
# logging标准库的level字典 level_mapping = {'CRITICAL': 50, 'FATAL': 50, 'ERROR': 40, 'WARN': 30, 'WARNING': 30, 'INFO': 20, 'DEBUG': 10, 'NOTSET': 0} # elasticsearch日志 record = {'_index': 'logstash-project.test-env.release-user.root-2021', '_type': 'doc', '_id': '2f60jn0BaH-cdSPUSkiF', '_version': 1, '_score': None, '_source': {'method': 'GET', 'index_name': 'project.test-env.release-user.root', '@version': 'flask', 'path': 'D:\\alpha\\flask\\logstash\\core\\flask.py', 'logger_name': 'flask.exception', 'stack_info': None, 'user': 'root', '@timestamp': '2021-12-06T07:45:20.056Z', 'level': 'ERROR', 'thread_name': 'Thread-5', 'type': 'exception', 'env': 'release', 'process': 8716, 'funcName': 'exceptions', 'port': 55792, 'project': 'test', 'tags': [], 'lineno': 89, 'request': {'headers': {'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Postman-Token': '359faa6e-9527-4de7-82ff-eecb92656875', 'User-Agent': 'PostmanRuntime/7.28.4', 'Cookie': 'csrftoken=bf58fmaG5wBVabJwBeD8srVsfw7EjKe0VN7xD8mu817UzVm', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Host': '127.0.0.www.cppcns.com1:5000'}, 'args': {'a': '11', 'b': '22'}}, 'message': 'division by zero', 'host': 'DESKTOP-JCQ9527', 'status_code': 500, 'stack_trace': 'Traceback (most recent call last):\n File "D:\\Envs\\logstash\\lib\\site-packag编程客栈es\\flask\\app.py", line 1950, in full_dispatch_request\n rv = self.dispatchxwCMfi_request()\n File "D:\\Envs\\logstash\\lib\\site-packages编程客栈\flask\\app.py", line 1936, in dispatch_request\n return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args)\n File "D:\\flask\\logstash\\app.py", line 112, in get_raise\n a/0\nZeroDivisionError: division by zero\n', 'remote_addr': '127.0.0.1', 'url': 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/raise?a=11&b=22'}, 'fields': {'@timestamp': ['2021-12-06T07:45:20.056Z']}, 'sort': [1638776720056]}
def test(): level_mapping['CRITICAL'] timeit.repeat(lambda: test()) [0.08700739999994767, 0.0864886999997907, 0.08675769999990735] # 中括号加try except def test1(): try: level_mapping['CRITICA'] except: pass timeit.repeat(lambda: test1()) [0.09164779999991879, 0.0921809999999823, 0.09076550000099814] # key存在 编程客栈[0.17694680000022345, 0.1759290999998484, 0.17659119999916584] # key不存在 def test2(): level_mapping.get('CRITICAL') timeit.repeat(lambda: test2()) [0.131671400000414, 0.12985489999982747, 0.13035420000005615]
中括号获取比get方式快了50%左右;
但当使用中括号加try except,key不存在时要慢近一倍;
使用get时key存不存在设不设默认值都一样。
复杂获取
def test3(): level_mapping[record['_source']['level']] timeit.repeat(lambda: test3()) [0.1141027999999551, 0.11351319999994303, 0.11431539999989582] def test4(): level_mapping.get(record.get('_source').get('level')) timeit.repeat(lambda: test4()) [0.22142400000007, 0.21937850000017534, 0.21913369999992938]
随着数据的复杂嵌套和链式操作,这次快了整整一倍。
总结
在能非常确定key存在且频繁获取数据的情况下,应该尽量使用中括号取值。
另外在python3.6后,重写了字典的底层数据结构,从而使字典变得有序。
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