Android实现屏幕录制与本地保存功能的完整指南
目录
- 一、实现原理概述
- 二、环境准备
- 1.配置 Manifest 文件
- 2.请求用户授权
- 3.创建并实现前台服务
- 三、总结
一、实现原理概述
android 屏幕录制主要依赖以下几个核心组件:
- MediaProjection:获取屏幕内容的入口,出于安全和隐私的考虑,每次录制前,系统都会弹出一个对话框,明确请求用户的授权。
- MediaProjectionManager: 管理MediaProjection实例
- VirtuuETjjalDisplay:虚拟显示设备,将屏幕内容投射到编码器
- MediaRecorder: 负责录制和编码
由于屏幕录制通常是持续性任务,即使用户切换到其他应用或返回桌面,录制也应继续。因此,我们必须将录制逻辑放置在前台服务 (Foreground Service) 中。 这不仅能防止我们的应用在后台被系统终止,还能通过一个持续的通知告知用户,屏幕正在被录制,保证了操作的透明性。
二、环境准备
1.配置 Manifest 文件
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" /> <!-- 运行前台服务的必要权限 --> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE" /> <!-- 声明用于屏幕录制的 Service --> <service android:name=".ScreenCaptureService" android:exported="false" android:foregroundServiceType="mediaProjection"/>
2.请求用户授权
我们无法直接请求屏幕捕获权限。相反,我们必须通过 MediaProjectionManager 创建一个 Intent,然后启动这个 Intent 来显示一个系统对话框。
val mediaProjectionManager = getSystemService(Context.MEDIA_PROJECTION_SERVICE) as MediaProjectionManager // 使用 ActivityResultLauncher 来处理返回结果 val screenCaptureLauncher = registerForActivityResult( ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult() ) { result -> if (result.resultCode == Actphpivity.RESULT_OK) { val serviceIntent = Intent(this, ScreenCaptureService::class.Java).apply { action = "START" putExtra("resultCode", result.resultCode) putExtra("data", result.data) } startForegroundService(serviceIntent) } else { // 用户拒绝了授权 Toast.makeText(this, "需要屏幕捕获权限才能录制", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show() } } // 点击录屏按钮调用 fun startScreenCapture() { screenCaptureLauncher.launch(mediaProjectionManager.createScreenCaptureIntent()) }
3.创建并实现前台服务
class ScreenCaptureService : Service() { private lateinit var mediaProjection: MediaProjection private lateinit var virtualDisplay: VirtualDisplay private lateinit var mediaRecorder: MediaRecorder private lateinit var callBack:MediaProjection.Callback private var currentVideoUri: Uri? = null companion object { const val RESULT_CODE = "resultCode" const val RESULT_DATA = "resultData" const val NOTIFICATION_ID = 1001 const val CHANNEL_ID = "screen_record_channel" } override fun onStartCommand(intent: Intent?, flags: Int, startId: Int): Int { val resultCode = intent?.getIntExtra(RESULT_CODE, 0) ?: 0 val resultData = intent?.getParcelableExtra<Intent>(RESULT_DATA) if (resultCode != 0 && resultData != null) { startRecording(resultCode, resultData) } return START_STICKY } private fun startRecording(resultCode: Int, resultData: Intent) { //创建通知并启动前台服务 startForeground(NOTIFICATION_ID, createNotification()) // 获取mediaProjection实例 val projectionManager = getSystemService(Context.MEDIA_PROJECTION_SERVICE) as Media编程客栈ProjectionManager mediaProjection = projectionManager.getMediaProjection(resultCode, resultData) val fileName = "ScreenRecord_${System.currentTimeMillis()}.mp4" // 配置 MediaRecorder,设置视频源、输出格式、编码器、文件路径等。 mediaRecorder = MediaRecorder().apply { setVideoSource(MediaRecorder.VideoSource.SURFACE) setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.MPEG_4) setOutputFile(getOutputFileDescriptor(applicationContext,fileName)) setVideoEncoder(MediaRecorder.VideoEncoder.H264) setVideoSize(1080, 1920) // 根据实际需求调整 setVideoFrameRate(30) prepare() } callBack = object : MediaProjection.Callback() { override fun onStop() { } } // 注册回调 mediaProjection.registerCallback(callBack, null) // 创建一个虚拟显示 (VirtualDisplay),并将其渲染的画面输出到 MediaRecorder 的 Surface 上 virtualDisplay = mediaProjection.createVirtualDisplay( "ScreenRecorder", 1080, 1920, resources.displayMetrics.densityDpi, DisplayManager.VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_FLAG_AUTO_MIRROR, mediaRecorder.surface, null, null ) // 开始录制 mediaRecorder.start() } private fun createNotification(): Notification { createNotificationChannel() return NotificationCompat.Builder(this, CHANNEL_ID) .setContentTitle("屏幕录制中") .setContentText("正在录制您的屏幕操作") .setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher) .setPriority(NotificationCompat.PRIORITY_LOW) .build() } private fun createNotificationChannel() { if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) { val channel = NotificationChannel( CHANNEL_ID, 编程客栈 "屏幕录制", NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_LOW ).apply { description = "屏幕录制服务正在运行" } (getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE) as NotificationManager) .createNotificationChannel(channel) } } // 设置视频保存路径 private fun getOutputFileDescriptor(context: Context, fileName: String): FileDescriptor? { val contentValues = ContentValues().apply { put(MediaStore.Video.Media.DISPLAY_NAME, fileName) put(MediaStore.Video.Media.MIME_TYPE, "video/mp4") if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) { put(MediaStore.Video.Media.RELATIVE_PATH, "Movies/") put(MediaStore.Video.Media.IS_PENDING, 1) } } val collection = MediaStore.Video.Media.getContentUri(MediaStore.VOLUME_EXTERNAL_PRIMARY) val itemUri = context.contentResolver.insert(collection, contentValues) currentVideoUri = itemUri return if (itemUri != null) { context.contentResolver.openFileDescriptor(itemUri, "w")?.fileDescriptor } else { null } } override fun onDestroy() { mediaProjection.unregisterCallback(callBack) super.onDestroy() stopRecording() } // 停止录制并释放资源 private fun stop编程客栈Recording() { mediaRecorder.apply { stop() reset() release() } virtualDisplay.release() if (::mediaProjection.isInitialized) { mediaProjection.stop() } // 将录制的视频保存到本地 if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q && currentVideoUri != null) { val contentValues = ContentValues().apply { put(MediaStore.Video.Media.IS_PENDING, 0) } contentResolver.update(currentVideoUri!!, contentValues, null, null) } } override fun onBind(intent: Intent?): IBinder? = null }
三、总结
本文利用Android屏幕录制API完成了基本的屏幕录制功能,后续还可以结合音视频编码将屏幕录制的数据利用RTMP推流到服务端实现录屏直播功能。
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