3种Python查看神经网络结构的方法小结

2025-05-10 10:05 开发作者：爱学习的小道长

1. 网络结构代码

import torch
import torch.nn as nn


# 定义Actor-Critic模型
class ActorCritic(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, state_dim, action_dim):
        super(ActorCritic, self).__init__()
        self.actor = nn.Sequential(
            # 全连接层，输入维度为 state_dim，输出维度为 256
            nn.Linear(state_dim, 64),
            nn.ReLU(),
            nn.Linear(64, action_dim),
            # Softmax 函数，将输出转换为概率分布，dim=-1 表示在最后一个维度上应用 Softmax
            nn.Softmax(dim=-1)

        )
        self.critic = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(state_dim, 64),
            nn.ReLU(),
            nn.Linear(64, 1)
        )

    def forward(self, state):
        policy = self.actor(state)
        value = self.critic(state)
        return policy, value


# 参数设置
state_dim = 1
action_dim = 2

model = ActorCritic(state_dim, action_dim)

2. 查看结构

2.1 直接打印模型

print(model)

输出：

ActorCritic(
(actor): Sequential(
(0): Linear(in_features=1, out_features=64, bias=True)
(1): ReLU()
(2): Line编程客栈ar(in_features=64, out_features=2, bias=True)
(3): Softmax(dim=-1)
)
(critic): Sequential(
(0): Linear(in_features=1, out_features=64, bias=True)
(1): ReLU()
(2): Linear(in_features=64, out_features=1, bias=True)
)
)

2.2 可视化网络结构（需要安装 torchviz 包）

安装 torchsummary 包：

$ pip install torchsummary

python 代码：

from torchviz import make_dot

# 创建一个虚拟输入
x = torch.randn(1, state_dim)
# 生成计算图
dot = make_dot(model(x), params=dict(model.named_parameters()))
dot.render("actor_critic_model", format="png")  # 保存为PNG图片

输出 actor_critic_model

digraph {
   graph [size="12,12"]
   node [align=left fontname=monospace fontsize=10 height=0.2 ranksep=0.1 shape=box style=filled]
   140281544075344 [label="
(1, 2)" fillcolor=darkolivegreen1]
   140281544213744 [label=SoftmaxBackward0]
   140281544213840 -> 140281544213http://www.devze.com744
   140281544213840 [label=AddmmBackward0]
   140281544213600 -> 140281544213840
   140285722327344 [label="actor.2.bias
(2)" fillcolor=lightblue]
   140285722327344 -> 140281544213600
   140281544213600 [label=AccumulateGrad]
   140281544214032 -> 140281544213840
   140281544214032 [label=ReluBackward0]
   140281544213984 -> 140281544214032
   140281544213984 [label=AddmmBackward0]
   140281544214176 -> 140281544213984
   140285722327024 [label="actor.0.bias
(64)" fillcolor=lightblue]
   140285722327024 -> 140281544214176
   140281544214176 [label=AccumulateGrad]
   140281544214224 -> 140281544213984
   140281544214224 [label=TBackward0]
   140281543934832 -> 140281544214224
   140285722327264 [label="actor.0.weight
(64, 1)" fillcolor=lightblue]
   140285722327264 -> 140281543934832
   140281543934832 [label=AccumulateGrad]
   140281544213648 -> 140281544213840
   140281544213648 [label=TBackward0]
   140281544214080 -> 140281544213648
   140285722327184 [label="actor.2.weight
(2, 64)" fillcolor=lightblue]
   140285722327184 -> 140281544214080
   140281544214080 [label=AccumulateGrad]
   140281544213744 -> 140281544075344
   140285722328704 [label="
(1, 1)" fillcolor=darkolivegreen1]
   140281544213888 [label=AddmmBackward0]
   140281544214368 -> 140281544213888
   140285722328064 [label="critic.2.bias
(1)" fillcolor=lightblue]
   140285722328064 -> 140281544214368
   140281544214368 [label=AccumulateGrad]
   140281544214128 -> 140281544213888
   140281544214128 [label=ReluBackward0]
   140281544214464 -> 140281544214128
   140281544214464 [label=AddmmBackward0]
   140281544214512 -> 140281544214464
   140285722327424 [label="critic.0.bias
(64)" fillcolor=lightblue]
   140285722327424 -> 140281544214512
   140281544214512 [label=AccumulateGrad]
   140281544214560 -> 140281544214464
   140281544214560 [label=TBackward0]
   140281544214704 -> 140281544214560
   140285722327504 [label="critic.0.weight
(64, 1)" fillcolor=lightblue]
   140285722327504 -> 140281544214704
   140281544214704 [label=AccumulateGrad]
   140281544213696 -> 140281544213888
   140281544213696 [label=TBackward0]
   140281544214272 -> 140281544213696
   140285722327584 [label="critic.2.weight
(1, 64)" fillcolor=lightblue]
   140285722327584 -> 140281544214272
   140281544214272 [label=AccumulateGrad]
   140281544213888 -> 140285722328704
}

输出模型图片：

3种Python查看神经网络结构的方法小结

2.3 使用 summary 方法（需要安装 torchsummary 包）

安装 torchsummary 包：

pip install torchsummary

代码：

from torchsummary import summary

device = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
print(device)
model = model.to(device)
summary(model, input_size=(state_dim,))

#查看模型参数
print("查看模型参数：")
for name, param in model.named_parameters():
    print(f"Layer: {name} | Size: {param.size()} | Values: {param[:2]}...")

输出：

cuda:0
----------------------------------------------------------------
Layer (type) Output Shape Param #
================================================================
Linear-1 [-1, 64] 128
ReLU-2 [-1, 64] 0
Linear-3 [-1, 2] 130
Softmax-4 [-1, 2] 0
Linear-5 [-1, 64] 128
ReLU-6 [-1, 64] 0
Linear-7 [-1, 1] 65
================================================================
Total params: 451
Trainable params: 451
Non-trainable params: 0
----------------------------------------------------------------
Input size (MB): 0.00
Forward/backward pass size (MB): 0.00
Params size (MB): 0.00
Estimated Total Size (MB): 0.00
----------------------------------------------------------------
查看模型参数：
Layer: actor.0.weight | Size: torch.Size([64, 1]) |编程客栈 Values: tensor([[ 0.7747],
[-0.0440]], device='cuda:0', grad_fn=<SliceBackward0>)...
Layer: actor.0.bias | Size: torch.Size([64]) | Values: tensor([ 0.5995, -0.2155], device='cuda:0', grad_fn=<SliceBackward0>)...
Layer: actor.2.weight | Size: torch.Size([2, 64]) | Values: tensor([[ 0.0373, 0.0851, 0.1000, 0.1060, 0.0387, 0.0479, 0.0127, 0.0696,
0.0388, 0.0033, 0.1173, -0.1195, -0.0830, 0.0186, 0.0063, -0.0863,
-0.0353, 0.0782, -0.0558, 0.0011, -0.0533, 0.1241, 0.0120, -0.0906,
-0.0551, -0.0673, -0.1070, 0.0402, -0.0662, 0.0596, -0.0811, 0.0457,
0.0349, 0.0564, -0.0155, -0.0404, 0.0843, -0.0978, 0.0459, 0.1097,
-0.0858, 0.0736, -0.0067, -0.0756, -0.0363, -0.0525, -0.0426, -0.1087,
-0.0611, 0.0420, -0.1038, 0.0402, 0.0065, -0.1217, -0.0467, 0.0383,
-0.0217, 0.0283, 0.0python800, 0.0228, 0.0415, -0.0473, -0.0199, -0.0436],
[-0.1118, -0.0806, -0.0700, -0.0224, 0.0335, -0.0087, 0.0265, -0.1196,
-0.0907, -0.0360, 0.0621, -0.0471, -0.0939, -0.0912, -0.1061, 0.1051,
&nbphpsp; -0.0592, -0.0757, 0.0758, -0.1082, -0.0317, 0.1208, -0.0279, -0.0693,
0.0920, -0.0318, -0.0476, 0.0236, -0.0761, 0.0591, 0.0862, -0.0712,
0.0156, -0.1073, 0.1133, 0.0039, -0.0191, 0.0605, -0.0686, -0.1202,
0.0962, 0.0581, 0.1145, 0.0741, -0.0993, -0.0987, 0.0939, 0.1006,
0.0773, -0.0756, -0.1096, 0.0156, -0.0599, 0.0857, 0.1005, -0.0618,
0.0474, 0.0066, -0.0531, -0.0479, 0.1136, 0.0356, 0.1169, -0.0023]],
device='cuda:0', grad_fn=<SliceBackward0>)...
Layer: actor.2.bias | Size: torch.Size([2]) | Values: tensor([-0.0039, 0.0937], device='cuda:0', grad_fn=<SliceBackward0>)...
Layer: critic.0.weight | Size: torch.Size([64, 1]) | Values: tensor([[0.5799],
[0.0473]], device='cuda:0', grad_fn=<SliceBackward0>)...
Layer: critic.0.bias | Size: torch.Size([64]) | Values: tensor([ 0.6507, -0.6974], device='cuda:0', grad_fn=<SliceBackward0>)...
Layer: critic.2.weight | Size: torch.Size([1, 64]) | Values: tensor([[ 0.0738, -0.0370, -0.1010, -0.0333, -0.0595, -0.0172, 0.0928, 0.0815,
0.1221, -0.0842, 0.0511, 0.0452, -0.0386, -0.0503, -0.0964, 0.0370,
-0.0341, -0.0693, -0.0845, 0.0424, -0.0491, -0.0439, -0.0443, 0.0203,
0.0960, -0.1178, -0.0836, -0.0144, -0.0576, -0.0851, 0.0461, 0.1160,
0.0120, 0.1180, 0.0255, 0.1047, -0.0398, 0.0786, 0.1143, 0.0806,
0.1125, 0.0267, 0.0534, -0.0318, 0.1125, -0.0727, 0.1169, 0.0120,
-0.0178, -0.0845, 0.0069, 0.0194, 0.1188, 0.0481, 0.1077, -0.0840,
0.1013, 0.0586, -0.0857, -0.0974, -0.0630, 0.0359, -0.0080, -0.0926]],
device='cuda:0', grad_fn=<SliceBackward0>)...
Layer: critic.2.bias | Size: torch.Size([1]) | Values: tensor([0.0621], device='cuda:0', grad_fn=<SliceBackward0>)...

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3种Python查看神经网络结构的方法小结

目录

1. 网络结构代码

2. 查看结构

2.1 直接打印模型

2.2 可视化网络结构（需要安装 torchviz 包）

2.3 使用 summary 方法（需要安装 torchsummary 包）

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