springboot实现全局异常处理的方法(住家饭系统)

在实际项目开发中，定义全局异常处理至关重要通过全局异常处理器（使@ControllerAdvice和@ExceptionHandler注解），可以集中捕获和处理各种异常，避免在每个控制器方法中重复编写异常处理代码。

住家饭系统将异常类型分为客户端异常（ClientException），系统异常（ServiceException），远程调用异常（RemoteException）。类结构图如下：

我们需先定义一个抽象异常类 AbstractException ，该抽象类继承自 RuntimeException 类，通过该类约束异常类行为。

/**
 * 抽象项目中的三类异常，客户端异常、服务端异常和远程服务调用异常
 */
@Data
public abstract class AbstractException extends RuntimeException{
    public final String errorCode;
    public final String errorMsg;
    public AbstractException(String errorMsg, Throwable throwable, IErrorCode errorCode) {
        super(errorMsg, throwable);
        this.errorCode = errorCode.code();
        this.errorMsg = Optional.ofNullable(StringUtils.hasLength(errorMsg) ? errorMsg : null).orElse(errorCode.msg());
    }
}

接着在分别定义客户端异常、服务端异常和远程调用异常类。

public class ClientException extends AbstractException{
    public ClientException (IErrorCode errorCode) {
        super(null, null, errorCode);
    }
    public ClientException(IErrorCode errorCode, String errorMsg) {
        super(errorMsg, null, errorCode);
    }
    public ClientException(String message, Throwable throwjsable, IErrorCode errorCode) {
        super(message, throwable, errorCode);
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "ClientException{" +
                "code='" + errorCode + "'," +
                "message='" + errorMsg + "'" +
                '}';
    }
}

public class ServiceException extends AbstractException{
    public ServiceException(String message) {
        this(message, null, BaseErrorCode.SERVICE_ERROR);
    }
    public ServiceException(IErrorCode errorCode) {
        this(null, errorCode);
    }
    public ServiceException(String message, IErrorCode errorCode) {
        this(message, null, errorCode);
    }
    public ServiceException(String message, Throwable throwable, IErrorCode errorCode) {
        super(Optional.ofNullable(message).orElse(errorCode.msg()), throwable, errorCode);
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "ServiceException{" +
                "code='" + errorCode + "'," +
                "message='" + errorMsg + "'" +
                '}';php
    }
}

public class RemoteException extends AbstractException{
    public RemoteException(String errorMsg, Throwable throwable, IErrorCode errorCode) {
        super(errorMsg, throwable, errorCode);
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "RemoteException{" +
                "code='" + errorCode + "'," +
                "message='" + errorMsg + "'" +
                '}';
    }
}

这样，我们就完成了对三大基本异常类的定义。接下来我们需要通过springboot提供的@ControllerAdvice和@ExceptionHandler注解来实现全局异常拦截并处理。我们需定义一个GlobalExceptionHandler类，在该类中分别对参数验证异常、应用内抛出的异常和最顶级的Throwable异常进行处理。

Component("globalExceptionHandlerByAdmin")
@Slf4j
@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    /**
     * 拦截参数验证异常
     */
    @SneakyThrows
    @ExceptionHandler(value = MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
    public Result validExceptionHandler(HttpServletRequest rewww.devze.comquest, MethodArgumentNotValidException ex) {
        BindingResult bindingResult = ex.getBindingResult();
        FieldError firstFieldError = CollectionUtil.getFirst(bindingResult.getFieldErrors());
        String exceptionStr = Optional.ofNullable(firstFieldError)
                .map(FieldError::getDefaultMessage)
                .orElse(StrUtil.EMPTY);
        log.error("[{}] {} [ex] {}", request.getMethod(), getUrl(request), exceptionStr);
        return Results.failure(BaseErrorCode.CLIENT_ERROR.code(), exceptionStr);
    }
    /**
     * 拦截应用内抛出的异常
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(value = {AbstractException.class})
    public Result abstractException(HttpServletRequest request, AbstractException ex) {
        if (ex.getCause() != null) {
            log.error("[{}] {} [ex] {}", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString(), ex.toString(), ex.getCause());
            return Results.failure(ex);
        }
        log.error("[{}] {} [ex] {}", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString(), ex.toString());
        return Results.failure(ex);
    }
    /**
     * 拦截未捕获异常
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(value = Throwable.class)
    public Result defaultErrorHandler(HttpServletRequest request, Throwable throwable) {
        log.error("[{}] {} ", request.getMethod(), getUrl(request), throwable);
        if (Objects.equals(throwable.getClass().getSuperclass().getSimpleName(), AbstractException.class.getSimpleName())) {
            String errorCode = ReflectUtil.getFieldValue(throwable, "errorCode").toString();
            String errorMessage = ReflectUtil.getFieldValue(throwable, "errorMessage").toString();
            return Results.failure(errorCode, errorMessage);
        }
        return Results.failure();
    }
    private String getUrl(HttpServletRequest request) {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(req编程uest.getQueryString())) {
            return request.getRequestURL().toString();
        }
        return request.getRequestURL().toString() + "?" + request.getQueryString();
    }
}

今后，我们在项目里抛出的所有异常，都可以被 GlobalExceptionHandler 类捕获并进行相应的处理。

    public void register(UserRegisterReqDTO requestParam) {
        if(ObjectUtils.isEmpty(requestParam)) throw new ClientException(CLIENT_ERROR);
        if (hasUserName(requestParam.getUsername())) {
            throw new ServiceException(USER_NAME_EXIST);
        }
        try {
            int inserted = baseMapper.insert(BeanUtil.toBean(requestParam, UserDao.class));
            if (inserted <= 0php) {
                throw new ClientException(USER_SAVE_ERROR);
            }
        }  catch (DuplicateKeyException ex) {
            throw new ServiceException(USER_EXIST);
        }
    }

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