Java与前端交互出现跨域问题的14种解决方案
目录
- 1 前端解决方案( 开发环境代理)
- 1.1 Webpack开发服务器代理
- 1.2 Vite代理配置
- 1.3 jsONP (仅限GET请求)
- 1.4 WebSocket
- 1.5 修改浏览器安全策略 (仅开发环境)
- 2 后端解决方案
- 2.1 Spring框架解决方案
- 2.2 Spring Boot特定配置
- 2.3 Spring Security解决方案
- 3 生产环境解决方案
- 4 高级方案
- 4.1 基于Token的跨域认证
- 4.2 预检请求(OPTIONS)处理
- 4.3 动态允许源
1 前端解决方案( 开发环境代理)
1.1 Webpack开发服务器代理
// vue.config.js 或 webpack.config.js module.exports = { devServer: { proxy: { '/api': { target: 'http://localhost:8080', 编程 changeOrigin: true, pathRewrite: { '^/api': '' } } } } }
1.2 Vite代理配置
// vite.config.js export default defineConfig({ server: { proxy: { '/api': { target: 'http://localhost:8080', changeOrpythonigin: true, rewrite: (path) => path.replace(/^\/apXkMwqLi/, '') } } } })
1.3 JSONP (仅限GET请求)
function jsonp(url, callback) { const script = document.createElement('script'); script.src = `${url}?callback=${callback}`; document.body.appendChild(script); } // 后端需要返回类似 callbackName(data) 的响应
1.4 WebSocket
const socket = new WebSocket('ws://your-backend-url');
1.5 修改浏览器安全策略 (仅开发环境)
Chrome启动参数:--disable-web-security --user-data-dir=/tmp/chrome
2 后端解决方案
2.1 Spring框架解决方案
2.1.1 使用@CrossOrigin注解
@RestController @RequestMapping("/api") @CrossOrigin(origins = "*") // 允许所有来源 public class MyControllerphp { // 控制器方法 }
2.1.2 全局CORS配置
@Configuration public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer { @Override public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) { registry.addMapping("/**") .allowedOrigins("http://localhost:3000", "http://example.com") .allowedMethods("GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE", "OPTIONS") .allowedHeaders("*") .allowCredentials(true) .maxAge(3600); } }
2.1.3 过滤器方式
@Bean public FilterRegistrationBean<CorsFilter> corsFilter() { UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource(); CorsConfiguration config = new CorsConfiguration(); config.setAllowCredentials(true); config.addAllowedOrigin("http://localhost:3000"); config.addAllowedHeader("*"); config.addAllowedMethod("*"); source.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", config); return new FilterRegistrationBean<>(new CorsFilter(source)); }
2.2 Spring Boot特定配置
application.properties配置
# 允许的源 cors.allowed-origins=http://localhost:3000,http://example.com # 允许的方法 cors.allowed-methods=GET,POST,PUT,DELETE,OPTIONS # 允许的头部 cors.allowed-headers=* # 是否允许凭证 cors.allow-credentials=true # 预检请求缓存时间 cors.max-age=3600
2.3 Spring Security解决方案
@Configuration @EnableWebSecurity public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http.cors().and() // 其他安全配置 .csrf().disable(); // 通常需要禁用CSRF以简化API开发 } @Bean CorsConfigurationSource corsConfigurationSource() { CorsConfiguration configuration = new CorsConfiguration(); configuration.setAllowedOrigins(Arrays.asList("http://localhost:3000")); configuration.setAllowedMethods(Arrays.asList("GET","POST","PUT","DELETE","OPTIONS")); configuration.setAllowedHeaders(Arrays.asList("*")); configuration.setAllowCredentials(true); UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource(); source.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", configuration); return source; } }
3 生产环境解决方案
Nginx反向代理
server { listen 80; server_name yourdomain.com; location /api { proxy_pass http://backend-server:8080; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } location / { root /path/to/frontend/dist; try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html; } }
4 高级方案
4.1 基于Token的跨域认证
// 后端添加响应头 response.setHeader("Access-Control-Expose-Headers", "Authorization"); response.setHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " + token);
4.2 预检请求(OPTIONS)处理
@RestController public class OptionsController { @RequestMapping(value = "/**", method = RequestMethod.OPTIONS) public ResponseEntity<?> handleOptions() { return ResponseEntity.ok().build(); } }
4.3 动态允许源
@Bean public CorsFilter corsFilter() { return new CorsFilter(new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource编程() { @Override public CorsConfiguration getCorsConfiguration(HttpServletRequest request) { CorsConfiguration config = new CorsConfiguration(); String origin = request.getHeader("Origin"); if (allowedOrigins.contains(origin)) { // 检查是否在允许列表中 config.addAllowedOrigin(origin); config.setAllowedMethods(Arrays.asList("GET","POST","PUT","DELETE","OPTIONS")); config.setAllowedHeaders(Arrays.asList("*")); config.setAllowCredentials(true); } return config; } }); }
选择哪种解决方案取决于具体需求、安全要求和部署环境。生产环境中推荐使用Nginx反向代理或API网关方案,开发环境中可以使用代理或后端CORS配置。
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