System.identityHashCode和hashCode的区别及说明

目录

• System.identityHashCode和hashCode的区别
• System.identityHashCode底层实现
• Object.hashCode底层实现
• 总结

System.identityHashCode和hashCode的区别

测试：

public class HashCodeDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String str = new String("test");
        String str2= new String("test");

        System.out.println(str.hashCode());
        System.out.println(str2.hashCode());

        System.out.println(System.identityHashCode(str));
        System.out.println(System.identityHashCode(str2));

        System.out.println("----------------test------------");

        Test test = new Test();
        Test test2 = new Test();

        System.out.println(test.hashCode());
        System.out.println(test2.hashCode());

        System.out.println(System.identityHashCode(test));
        System.out.println(System.identityHashCode(test2));
    }
}

运行结果：

为什么String调用hashCode()和System.identityHashCode()返回值不同呢？为什么Test调用hashCode()和System.identityHashCode()返回值又相同呢？

System.identityHashCode()和hashCode()到底有什么不同呢？这里个人简单分析一下，有不足之处劳烦指出。

System.identityHashCode底层实现

System.identityHashCode底层调用C语言System.c来实现

openjdk源码路径：jdk-935758609767\src\share\native\Java\lang\System.c

// 核心代码：
Java_java_lang_System_identityHashCode(JNIEnv *env, jobject this, jobject x)
{
    return JVM_IHashCode(env, x);
}

其中调用jvm.cpp的JVM_IHashCode()方法

hotspot源码路径：hotspot-37240c1019fd\src\share\vm\prims\jvm.cpp

JVM_ENTRY(jint, JVM_IHashCode(JNIEnv* env, jobject handle))
  JVMWrapper("JVM_IHashCode");
  // as implemented in the classic virtual MAChine; return 0 if object is NULL
  return handle == NULL ? 0 : ObjectSynchronizer::FastHashCode (THREAD, JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(handle)) ;
JVM_END

再来看一下synchronizer.cpp的ObjectSynchronizer::FastHashCode()方法

hotspot源码路径：hotspot-37240c1019fd\src\share\vm\runtime\synchronizer.cpp

intptr_t ObjectSynchronizer::FastHashCode (Thread * Self, oop obj) {
  if (UseBiasedLocking) {
    // NOTE: many places throughout the JVM do not expect a safepoint
    // to be taken here, in particular most operations on perm gen
    // objects. However, we only ever bias Java instances and all of
    // the call sites of identity_hash that might revoke biases have
    // been checked to make sure they can handle a safepoint. The
    // added check of the bias pattern is to avoid useless calls to
    // thread-local storage.
    if (obj->mark()->javascript;has_bias_pattern()) {
      // Box and unbox the raw reference just in case we cause a STW safepoint.
      Handle hobj (Self, obj) ;
      // Relaxing assertion for bug 6320749.
      assert (Universe::verify_in_progress() ||
              !SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(),
             "biases should not be seen by VM thread here");
      BiasedLocking::revoke_and_rebias(hobj, false, JavaThread::current());
      obj = hobj() ;
      assert(!obj->mark()->has_bias_pattern(), "biases should be revoked by now");
    }
  }

  // hashCode() is a heap mutator ...
  // Relaxing assertion for bug 6320749.
  assert (Universe::verify_in_progress() ||
          !SjavascriptafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "invariant") ;
  assert (Universe::verify_in_progress() ||
          Self->is_Java_thread() , "invariant") ;
  assert (Universe::verify_in_progress() ||
         ((JavaThread *)Self)->thread_state() != _thread_blocked, "invariant") ;

  ObjectMonitor* monitor = NULL;
  markOop temp, test;
  intptr_t hash;
  markOop mark = ReadStableMark (obj);

  // object should remain ineligible for biased locking
  assert (!mark->has_bias_pattern(), "invariant") ;

  if (mark->is_neutral()) {
    hash = mark->hash();              // this is a normal header
    if (hash) {                       // if it has hash, just return it
      return hash;
    }
    hash = get_next_hash(Self, obj);  // allocate a new hash code
    temp = mark->copy_set_hash(hash); // merge the hash code into header
    // use (machine word version) atomic operation to install the hash
    test = (markOop) Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(temp, obj->mark_addr(), mark);
    if (test == mark) {
      return hash;
    }
    // If atomic operation failed, we must inflate the header
    // into heavy weight monitor. We could add more code here
    // for fast path, but it does not worth the complexity.
  } else if (mark->has_monitor())http://www.devze.com {
    monitor = mark->monitor();
    temp = monitor->header();
    assert (temp->is_neutral(), "invariant") ;
    hash = temp->hash();
    if (hash) {
      return hash;
    }
    // Skip to the following code to reduce code size
  } else if (Self->is_lock_owned((address)mark->locker())) {
    temp = mark->displaced_mark_helper(); // this is a lightweight monitor owned
    assert (temp->is_neutral(), "invariant") ;
    hash = temp->hash();              // by current thread, check if the displaced
    if (hash) {                       // header contains hash code
      return hash;
    }
    // WARNING:
    //   The displaced header is strictly immutable.
    // It can NOT be changed in ANY cases. So we have
    // to inflate the header into heavyweight monitor
    // even the current thread owns the lock. The reason
    // is the BasicLock (stack slot) will be asynchronously
    // read by other threads during the inflate() function.
    // Any change to stack may not propagate to other threads
    // correctly.
  }

  // Inflate the monitor to set hash code
  monitor = ObjectSynchronizer::inflate(Self, obj);
  // Load displaced header and check it has hash code
  mark = monitor->header();
  assert (mark->is_neutral(), "invariant") ;
  hash = mark->hash();
  if (hash == 0) {
    hash = get_next_hash(Self, obj);
    temp = mark->copy_set_hash(hash); // merge hash code into header
    assert (temp->is_neutral(), "invariant") ;
    test = (markOop) Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(temp, monitor, mark);
    if (test != mark) {
      // The only update to the header in the monitor (outside GC)
      // is install the hash code. If someone add new usage of
      // displaced header, please update this code
      hash = test->hash();
      assert (test->is_neutral(), "invariant") ;
      assert (hash != 0, "Trivial unexpected object/monitor header usage.");
    }
  }
  // We finally get the hash
  return hash;
}

其中，调用的核心方法是get_next_hash()

static inline intptr_t get_next_hash(Thread * Self, oop obj) {
  intptr_t value = 0 ;
  if (hashCode == 0) {
     // This form uses an unguarded global Park-Miller RNG,
     // so it's possible for two threads to race and generate the same RNG.
     // On MP system we'll have lots of RW Access to a global, so the
     // mechanism induces lots of coherency traffic.
     value = os::random() ;
  } else
  if (hashCode == 1) {
     // This variation has the property of being stable (idempotent)
     // between STW operations.  This can be useful in some of the 1-0
     // synchronization schemes.
     intptr_t addrBits = cast_from_oop<intptr_t>(obj) >> 3 ;
     value = addrBits ^ (addrBits >> 5) ^ GVars.stwRandom ;
  } else
  if (hashCode == 2) {
     value = 1 ;            // for sensitivity testing
  } else
  if (hashCode == 3) {
     value = ++GVars.hcSequence ;
  } else
  if (hashCode == 4) {
     value = cast_from_oop<intptr_t>(obj) ;
  } else {
     // Marsaglia's xor-shift scheme with thread-specific state
     // This is probably the best overall implementation -- we'll
     // likely make this the default in future releases.
     unsigned t = Self->_hashStateX ;
     t ^= (t << 11) ;
     Self->_hashStateX = Self->_hashStateY ;
     Self->_hashStateY = Self->_hashStateZ ;
     Self->_hashStateZ = Self->_hashStateW ;
     unsigned v = Self->_hashStateW ;
     v = (v ^ (v >> 19)) ^ (t ^ (t >> 8)) ;
     Self->_hashStawww.devze.comteW = v ;
     value = v ;
  }

  value &= markOopDesc::hash_mask;
  if (value == 0) value = 0xBAD ;
  assert (value != markOopDesc::no_hash, "invariant") ;
  TEVENT (hashCode: GENERATE) ;
  return value;
}

根据hashcode值，可以分为以下方法：

0- 随机生成值

1- 获取对象的实际内存地址

2- 返回1，用于灵敏度测试

3- 自增 4- 第二种的变种

5- xorshift算法，有兴javascript趣可以看一下https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xorshift

jdk1.8前，默认hashcode为0，可通过globals.hpp文件查看，调用第一个方法，随机生成hashcode

globals.hpp源码路径：hotspot\src\share\vm\runtime\globals.hpp

product(intx, hashCode, 0,“(Unstable) select hashCode generation algorithm”)

jdk1.8后，默认为5，使用xorshift 算法生成hashcode

product(intx, hashCode, 5,“(Unstable) select hashCode generation algorithm”)

同时可以通过-XX:hashCode=N来修改jvm默认值来修改调用方法

查看jvm默认值java -XX:+PrintFlagsFinal -version

Object.hashCode底层实现

通过查看openjdk源码Object.c

Object.c源码路径：jdk-935758609767\src\share\native\java\lang\Object.c

static JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
    {"hashCode",    "()I",                    (void *)&JVM_IHashCode},
    {"wait",        "(J)V",                   (void *)&JVM_MonitorWait},
    {"notify",      "()V",                    (void *)&JVM_MonitorNotify},
    {"notifyAll",   "()V",                    (void *)&JVM_MonitorNotifyAll},
    {"clone",       "()Ljava/lang/Object;",   (void *)&JVM_Clone},
};

发现还是和System.identityHashCode一样都是调用JVM_IHashCode方法。

总结

• 当hashCode()未被重写时，System.identityHashCode()和hashCode()返回值相同，都是调用底层JVM_IHashCode方法
• 当hashCode()被重写，则System.identityHashCode()和hashCode()返回值不同。hashCode()返回重写结果，System.identityHashCode()返回底层生成hashcode

以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持编程客栈(www.devze.com)。