java线程池ExecutorService超时处理小结
目录
- 方式一、使用 future.get() 来监听超时取消
- 方式二、在子线程内部,超时后去发送中断信号
- 方式三、自己定义锁来实现
场景问题:使用线程池ExecutorService,想设置每个子线程的执行超时时间,使用future.get()来监听超时,当有子线程阻塞时,导致有的队列任务还未执行就被取消了。
方式一、使用 future.get() 来监听超时取消
这种办法看似能解决问题,但是当任务累积处理不过来时,会漏执行。
比如下面的例子,就实际只会执行一个子线程。package com.study; import Java.time.LocalDateTime; import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter; import java.util.concurrent.*; public class Test { private static final DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); private static final ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1); public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { Future<?> future = threadPool.submit(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { System.out.println(LocalDateTime.now().format(formatter)); Thread.sleep(5000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // e.printStackTrace(); } } }); new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { future.get(3, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ExecutionException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (TimeoutException e) {//超时异常 future.cancel(true); // 超时后取消任务 } } }).start(); } } }
方式二、在子线程内部,超时后去发送中断信号
package com.study; import java.time.LocalDateTime; import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter; import java.util.concurrent.*; public class Test { private static final DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); private static final ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1); private static final ScheduledExecutorService timeoutExecutor = nwww.devze.comew ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1);//监听超时,这个数量要和线程池数量相同 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { // int delay = 3; int delay = i + 1; threadPool.submit(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { ScheduledFuture<?> schedule = null; try { Thread thread = Thread.currentThread(); // 启动一个定时器,如果任务执行超过3秒则中断当前线程 schedule = timeoutExecutor.schedule(() -> { thread.interrupt(); // 中断当前正在执行的任务 }, delay, TimeUnit.SECONDS); System.out.println(LocalDateTime.now().format(formatter)); Thread.sleep(5000); // FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("d:/test.txt" + k); // for (int j = 0; j < 1000000; j++) { // fos.write("123".getBytes()); // } // fos.close(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { php // e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (schedule != null) { //取消任务 schedule.cancel(true); } } } }); } } }
这里其实还是有问题 ,把 Thread.sleep(5000);改成注释的io阻塞,还是要等线程执行结束后才会取消线程执行。
所以单纯使用 future 是实现不了这个场景的逻辑的。
timeoutExecutor 数量和 线程池数量要一致的原因如下示例。
package com.study; import java.time.LocalDateTime; import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class ScheduledExecutorServiceExample { private static final ScheduledExecutorService timeoutExecutor = new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(2); public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { // 调用schedule方法两次 scheduleTask("Task 1"); scheduleTask("Task 2"); scheduleTask("Task 3"); } private static void scheduleTask(String taskName) { timeoutExecutor.schedule(() -> { System.out.println(taskName + " started at: " + LocalDateTime.now()); try { // 模拟任务执行 Thread.sleep(2000); // 假设每个任务执行2秒 } catch (InterruptedException e) { Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); } }, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } }
方式三、自己定义锁来实现
package com.study; import java.time.LojavascriptcalDateTime; import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter; import java.util.concurrent.*; public class Test { private static final DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); private static final ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(16);//这里不能设置为1了,这里已经不是用来控制并发数量了,只是为了重复利用线程 private static final ScheduledExecutorService timeoutExecutor = new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1);//监听超时,这个数量要和线程池数量相同 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { Thread.sleep(50); // int delay = 3; int delay = i + 1; int k = i; threadPool.submit(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { ScheduledFuture<?> schedule = null; try { ThreadPool.awaitThread(); // 启动一个定时器,如果任务执行超过3秒则中断当前线程 // timeoutExecutor如果只有一个线程池,这里面的代码片段会阻塞,上一个线程在这里的代码片段执行完后,当前线程才会执行这里的代码片段, // 但是影响不大,因为这里的代码片段只是释放动作,一瞬间就会执行完,所以影响不大, // 如果其他场景这里阻塞时间比较久,那么timeoutExecutor线程大小要和threadPool线程大小一致。 schedule = timeoutExecutor.schedule(() -> { System.out.println("释放1"); ThreadPool.releaseThread(); }, delay, TimeUnit.SECONDS); System.out.println("【" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "】" + LocalDa编程客栈teTime.now().format(formatter)); Thread.sleep(5000); // FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("d:/test.txt" + k); // for (int j = 0; j < 1000000; j++) { // fos.write("123".getBytes()); // } // fos.close(); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("异常"); } finally { if (schedule != null) { //cancel返回true任务还未执行,需要取消任务 if (schedule.cancel(true)) { System.out.println("释放2"); ThreadPool.releaseThread(); } } } } }); } } }
package com.study; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; /** * 线程池 */ public class ThreadPool { private static fina编程客栈l int MAX_POOL_SIZE = 1; // 最大线程数,控制并发数量 private static int totalThread = 0; // 总线程数 private static final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(true); private static final Condition notice = lock.newCondition(); /** * 从线程池获取线程 */ public static boolean awaitThread() { lock.lock(); try { // 尝试从线程池中获取线程 if (totalThread < MAX_POOL_SIZE) { totalThread++; return true; } // 线程已到达最大线程数,等待归还线程,最长等待1小时,await()会释放当前线程的锁 if (notice.await(1, TimeUnit.HOURS)) { totalThread++; return true; } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } return false; } /** * 释放线程到线程池 */ public static void releaseThread() { lock.lock(); try { totalThread--; // 通知有空闲,signal()会唤醒其中一个await()线程 notice.signal(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } }
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