使用Golang实现AES加解密的代码示例
目录
- 前言
- 一、AES是什么?
- 二、代码实现
- 拓展:AES加密和解密的三种模式实现
- 三、总结
前言
在现代的数据安全中,加密和解密是极其重要的一环。其中,高级加密标准(AES)是最广泛使用的加密算法之一。本文将介绍如何使用golang来实现AES加密和解密。
一、AES是什么?
高级加密标准(AES)是一种对称加密算法,也就是说,加密和解密使用相同的密钥。AES支持128、192和256位的密钥长度,越长的密钥提供了越高的安全性,但也需要更多的计算资源。AES使用固定的128位的块大小,不同的密钥长度和块大小可以组合成不同的AES变体,例如AES-128、AES-192和AES-256。
二、代码实现
以下是一个使用Golang实现AES加解密的简单示例:
package main import ( "crypto/aes" "crypto/cipher" "encoding/base64" "fmt" ) func main() { key := []byte("myverystrongpasswordo32bitlength") // 32 bytes key for AES-256 plaintext := []byte("Hello, World!") block, err := aes.NewCipher(key) if err != nil { panic(err) } ciphertext := make([]byte, len(plaintext)) stream := cipher.NewCTR(block, make([]byte, block.BlockSize())) stream.XORKeyStream(ciphertext, plaintext) fmt.Printf("Encrypted: %s\n", base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(ciphertext)) decrypted := make([]byte, len(ciphertext)) stream = cipher.NewCTR(block, make([]byte, block.BlockSize())) stream.XORKeyStream(decrypted, ciphertext) fmt.Printf("Decrypted: %s\n", decrypted) }
在这个例子中,我们首先创建了一个新的cipher block。然后我们创建了一个新的CTR(Counter)模式的cipher stream,并使用它来加密我们的明文。
对于解密,我们创建了一个新的CTR模式的cipher stream,并使用它来解密我们的密文。
拓展:AES加密和解密的三种模式实现
package main import ( "bytes" "crypto/aes" "crypto/cipher" "crypto/rand" "encoding/base64" "encoding/hex" "io" "log" ) func main() { origData := []byte("杰哥的技术杂货铺") // 待加密的数据 key := []byte("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP") // 加密的密钥 log.Println("原文:", string(origData)) lophpg.Println("------------------ CBC模式 --------------------") e编程客栈ncrypted := AesEncryptCBC(origData, key) log.Println("密文(hex):", hex.EncodeToString(encrypted)) log.Println("密文(base64):", base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(encrypted)) decrypted := AesDecryptCBC(encrypted, key) log.Println("解密结果:", string(decrypted)) log.Println("------------------ ECB模式 --------------------") encrypted = AesEncryptECB(origData, key) log.Println("密文(hex):", hex.EncodeToString(encrypted)) log.Println("密文(base64):", base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(encrypted)) decrypted = AesDecryptECB(encrypted, key) log.Println("解密结果:", string(decrypted)) log.Println("------------------ CFB模式 --------------------") encrypted = AesEncryptCFB(origData, key) log.Println("密文(hex):", hex.EncodeToString(encrypted)) log.Println("密文(base64):", base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(encrypted)) decrypted = AesDecryptCFB(encrypted, key) log.Println("解密结果:", string(decrypted)) }
CBC/ECB/CFB 解密方法
// =================== CBC ====================== func AesEncryptCBC(origData []byte, key []byte) (encrypted []byte) { // 分组秘钥 // NewCipher该函数限制了输入k的长度必须为16, 24或者32 block, _ := aes.NewCipher(key) blockSize := block.BlockSize() // 获取秘钥块的长度 origData = pkcs5Padding(origData, blockSize) // 补全码 blockMode := cipher.NewCBCEncrypter(block, key[:blockSize]) // 加密模式 encrypted = make([]byte, len(origData)) // 创建数组 blockMode.CryptBlocks(encrypted, origData) // 加密 return encrypted } func AesDecryptCBC(encrypted []byte, key []byte) (decrypted []byte) { block, _ := aes.NewCipher(key) // 分组秘钥 blockSize := block.BlockSize() // 获取秘钥块的长度 blockMode := cipher.NewCBCDecrypter(block, key[:blockSize]) // 加密模式 decrypted = make([]byte, len(encrypted)) // 创建数组 blockMode.CryptBlocks(decrypted, encrypted) // 解密 decrypted = pkcs5UnPadding(decrypted) // 去除补全码 return decrypted } func pkcs5Padding(ciphertext []byte, blockSize int) []byte { padding := blockSize - len(ciphertext)%blockSize padtext := bytes.Repeat([]byte{byte(padding)}, padding) return append(ciphertext, padtext...) } func pkcs5UnPadding(origData []byte) []byte { length := len(origData) unpadding := int(origData[length-1]) return origData[:(length - unpadding)] } // =================== ECB ====================== func AesEncryptECB(origData []byte, key []byte) (encrypted []byte) { cipher, _ := aes.NewCipher(generateKey(key)) length := (len(origData) + aes.BlockSize) / aes.BlockSize plain := make([]byte, length*aes.BlockSize) copy(plain, origData) pad := byte(len(plain) - len(origData)) for i := len(origData); i < len(plain); i++ { plain[i] = pad } encrypted = make([]byte, len(plain)) // 分组分块加密 for bs, be := 0, cipher.BlockSize(); bs <= len(origData); bs, be = bs+cipher.BlockSize(), be+cipher.BlockSize() { cipher.Encrypt(encrypted[bs:be], plain[bs:be]) } return encrypted } func AesDecryptECB(encrypted []byte, key []byte) (decrypted []byte) { cipher, _ := aes.NewCipher(generateKey(key)) decrypted = make([]byte, len(encrypted)) // for bs, be := 0, cipher.BlockSize(); bs < len(encrypted); bs, be = bs+cipher.BlockSize(), be+cipher.BlockSize() { cipher.Decrypt(decrypted[bs:be], encrypted[bs:be]) } trim := 0 if len(decrypted) > 0 { trim = len(decrypted) - int(decrypted[len(decrypted)-1]) } return decrypted[:trim] } func generateKey(key []byte) (genKey []byte) { genKey = make([]byte, 16) copy(genKey, key) for i := 16; i < len(key); { for j := 0; j < 16 && i < len(key); j, i = j+1, i+1 { genKey[j] ^= key[i] } } return genKey } // =================== CFB ====================== func AesEncryptCFB(origData []byte, key []byte) (encrypted []byte) { block, err := aes.NewCipher(key) if err != nil { panic(err) } encrypted = make([]byte, aes.BlockSize+len(origData)) iv := encrypted[:aes.BlockSize] if _, err := io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, iv); err != nil { panic(err) } stream := cipher.NewCFBEncrypter(block, iv) stream.XORKeyStream(encrypted[aes.BlockSize:], origData) return encrypted } func AesDecryptCFB(encrypted []byte, key []byte) (decrypted []byte) { block, _ := aes.NewCipher(key) if len(encrypted) < aes.BlockSize { panic("ciphertext too short") } iv := encrypted[:aes.BlockSize] encrypted = encrypted[aes.BlockSize:] stream := cipher.NewCFBDecrypter(block, iv) stream.XORKeyStream(encrypted, encrypted) return encrypted }
输出结果:
2022/08/02 20:02:24 原文: 杰哥的技术杂货铺
2022/08/02 20:02:24 ------------------ CBC模式 --------------------2022/08/02 20:02:24 密文(hex): 6b11cae9b7831c3bbf1782a69e5504f5c32da4f6a5771e017f3a2d5ae8bf10b42022/08/02 20:02:24 密文(base64): axHK6beDHDu/F4KmnlUE9cMtpPaldx4BfzotWui/ELQ=2022/08/02 20:02:24 解密结果: 杰哥的技术杂货铺2022/08/02 20:02:24 ------------------ ECB模式 --------------------2022/08/02 20:02:24 密文(hex): eb69b3c7921373408f371a9f608c5915bc72d09a06994af0788542bab88387a92022/08/02 20:02:24 密文(base64): 62mzx5ITc0CPNxqfYIxZFbxy0JoGmUrweIVCuriDh6k=2022/08/02 20:02:24 解密结果: 杰哥的技术杂货铺2022/08/02 20:02:24 ------------------ CFB模式 --------------------2022/08/02 20:02:24 密文(hex): 483c4133a0ba7e0c8655d9e2a23acae4b13494a6036ab231b99bc01e7676fc0bb8c6ab7cbe6953ab2022/08/02 20:02:24 密文(base64): SDxBM6C6fgyGVdniojrK5LE0lKYDarIxuZvAHnZ2/Au4xqt8vmlTqw==2022/08/02 20:02:24 解密结果: 杰哥的技术杂货铺
测试用例编写解密
func TestAesEcbDecrypt(t *testing.T) { origData := []byte("杰哥的技术杂货铺") // 待加密的数据 key := []byte("^%TytgUYGsefsq7JYU5F2OIJ") // 加密的密钥 log.Println("原文:", string(origData)) log.Println("------------------ CBC模式 --------------------") encrypted := AesEncryptCBC(origData, key) log.Println("密文(hex):", hex.EncodeToString(encrypted)) log.Println("密文(base64):", base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(encrypted)) decrypted := AesDecryptCBC(encrypted, key) log.Println("解密结果:", string(decrypted)) log.Println("------------------ ECB模式 --------------------") encrypted = AesEncryptECB(origData, key) log.Println("密文(hex):", hex.EncodeToString(encrypted)) log.Println("密文(base64):", base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(encrypted)) decrypted = AesDecryptECB(encrypted, key) log.Println("解密结果:", string(decrypted)) log.Println("------------------ CFB模式 --------------------") encrypted = AesEncryptCFB(origData, key) log.Println("密文(hex):", hex.EncodeToString(encrypted)) log.Println("密文(base64):", base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(encrypted)) decrypted = AesDecryptCFB(encrypted, key) log.Println("解密结果:", string(decrypted)) }
输出结果:
=== RUN TestAesEcbDecrypt
2022/08/03 11:23:50 原文: 杰哥的技术杂货铺2022/08/03 11:23:50 ------------------ CBC模式 --------------------2022/08/03 11:23:50 密文(hex): 606072d10a591454e68069ff690e63ec0cd4dcd832922aa715aaf682ff6457992022/08/03 11:23:50 密文(base64): YGBy0QpZFFTmgGn/aQ5j7AzU3NgykiqnFar2gv9kV5k=2022/08/03 11:23:50 解密结果: 杰哥的技术杂货铺2022/08/03 11:23:50 ------------------ ECB模式 --------------------2022/08/03 11:23:50 密文(hex): d31dc8357a8ab488e453b0740e91d0c241b7743b6e02f942c0a15a4417ad518a2022/08/03 11:23:50 密文(base64): 0x3INXqKtIjkU7B0DpHQwkG3dDtuAvlCwKFaRBetUYo=2022/08/03 11:23:50 解密结果: 杰哥的技术杂货铺2022/08/03 11:23:50 ------------------ CFB模式 --------------------2022/08/03 11:23:50 密文(hex): e6da19018b091415326822560d16a8d614fcb0cad71bdbf3b3afe4bf3633d95e4036c5ed2a25272e2022/08/03 11:23:50 密文(base64): 5toZAYsJFBUyaCJWDRao1hT8sMrXG9vzs6/kvzYz2V5ANsXtKiUnLg==2022/08/03 11:23:50 解密结果: 杰哥的技术杂货铺--- PASS: TestAesEcbDecrypt (0.04s)PASS
仅进行解密
func TestAesEcbDecrypt(t *testing.T) { key := []byte("^%TytgUYGsefsq7JYU5F2OIJ") // 加密的密钥 log.Println("------------------ CBC模式 --------------------") encrypted,err1 := hex.DecodeString("606072d10a591454e68069ff690e63ec0cd4dcd832922aa715aaf682ff645799") if err1 != nil { t.Fatal(err1) } decrypted := AesDecryptCBC(encrypted, key) log.Println("解密结果:", string(decrypted)) log.Println("------------------ ECB模式 --------------------") encrypted,err2 := hex.DecodeString("d31dc8357a8ab488e453b0740e91d0c241b7743b6e02f942c0a15a4417ad518a") if err2 != nil { t.Fatal(err2) } decrypted = AesDecryptECB(encrypted, key) log.Println("解密结果:", string(decrypted)) l编程og.Println("------------------ CFB模式 --------------------") encrypted,err3 := hex.DecodeString("ea9e17002777f1bc791d2be328c65206fff543c94b29341404926b6d0feb9a22428e6749c603352d") if err3 != nil { t.Fatal(err3) } decrypted = AesDecryptCFB(encrypted, 编程客栈key) log.Println("解密结果:", string(decrypted)) }
输出结果:
=== RUN TestAesEcbDecrypt
2022/08/03 11:21:27 ------------------ CBC模式 --------------------2022/08/03 11:21:27 解密结果: 杰哥的技术杂货铺2022/08/03 11:21:27 ------------------ ECB模式 --------------------2022/08/03 11:21:27 解密结果: 杰哥的技术杂货铺2022/08/03 11:21:27 ------------------ CFB模式 --------------------2022/08/03 11:21:27 解密结果: 杰哥的技术杂货铺--- PASS: TestAesEcbDecrypt (0.04s)PASS
RSA
首先使用openssl生成公私钥
import ( "crypto/rand" "crypto/rsa" "crypto/x509" "encoding/base64" "encoding/pem" "errors" "fmt" ) // 私钥生成 //openssl genrsa -out rsa_private_key.pem 1024 var privateKey = []byte(` -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- MIICWwIBAAKBgQDcGsUIIAINHfRTdMmgGwLrjzfMNSrtgIf4EGsNaYwmC1GjF/bM h0Mcm10oLhNrKNYCTTQVGGIxuc5heKd1gOzb7bdTnCDPPZ7oV7p1B9Pud+6zPaco qdz2M24vHFWYY2FbIIJh8fHhKcfXNXOLovdvbE7Zy682X1+R1lRK8D+vmQIDAQAB AoGAeWAZvz1HZExca5k/hpbeqV+0+VtobMgwMs96+U53BpO/VRzl8Cu3CpNyb7HY 64L9YQ+J5QgpPhqkgIO0dMu/0RIXsmhvr2gcxmKObcqT3JQ6S4rjHTln49I2sYTz 7JEH4TcplKjsjHyq5MhHfA+CV2/AB2BO6G8limu7SheXuvECQQdwOpZrZDeTOOBk z1vercawd+J9ll/FZYttnrWYTI1sSF1sNfZ7dUXPyYPQFZ0LQ1bhZGmWBZ6a6wd9 R+PKlmJvAkEA6o32c/WEXxW2zeh18sOO4wqUiBYq3L3hFObhcsUAY8jfykQefW8q yPuuL02jLIajFWd0itjvIrzWnVmoUuXydwJAXGLrvllIVkIlah+lATprkypH3Gyc YFnxCTNkOzIVoXMjGp6WMFylgIfLPZdSUiaPnxby1FNM7987fh7Lp/m12QJAK9iL 2JNtwkSR3p305oOuAz0oFORn8MnB+KFMRaMT9pNHWk0vke0lB1sc7ZTKyvkEJW0o eQgic9DvIYzwDUcU8wJAIkKROzuzLi9AvLnLUrSdI6998lmeYO9x7pwZPukz3era zncjRK3pbVkv0KrKfczuJiRlZ7dUzVO0b6QJr8TRAA== -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY----- `) // 公钥: 根据私钥生成 //openssl rsa -in rsa_private_key.pem -pubout -out rsa_public_key.pem var publicKey = []byte(` -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY----- MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDcGsUIIAINHfRTdMmgGwLrjzfM NSrtgIf4EGsNaYwmC1GjF/bMh0Mcm10oLhNrKNYCTTQVGGIxuc5heKd1gOzb7bdT nCDPPZ7oV7p1B9Pud+6zPacoqDz2M24vHFWYY2FbIIJh8fHhKcfXNXOLovdVBE7Z y682X1+R1lRK8D+vmQIDAQAB -----END PUBLIC KEY----- `) // 加密 func RsaEncrypt(origData []byte) ([]byte, error) { //解密pem格式的公钥 block, _ := pem.Decode(publicKey) if block == nil { return nil, errors.New("public key error") } // 解析公钥 pubInterface, err := x509.ParsePKIXPublicKey(block.Bytes) if err != nil { return nil, err } // 类型断言 pub := pubInterface.(*rsa.PublicKey) //加密 return rsa.EncryptPKCS1v15(rand.Reader, pub, origData) } // 解密 func RsaDecrypt(ciphertext []byte) ([]byte, error) { //解密 block, _ := pem.Decode(privateKey) if block == nil { return nil, errors.New("private key error!") } //解析PKCS1格式的私钥 priv, err := x509.ParsePKCS1PrivateKey(block.Bytes) if err != nil { return nilebAPXRsy, err } // 解密 return rsa.DecryptPKCS1v15(rand.Reader, priv, ciphertext) } func main() { data, _ := RsaEncrypt([]byte("hello world")) fmt.Println(base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(data)) origData, _ := RsaDecrypt(data) fmt.Println(string(origData)) }
三、总结
通过这个简单的例子,我们可以看到使用Golang实现AES加密和解密是非常直接的。虽然在实际应用中,你需要考虑如何安全地生成和存储密钥,如何处理错误,以及如何处理不同长度的数据等问题,但基本的AES加密和解密过程是相同的。希望这篇文章对你有所帮助。
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