Java线程阻塞和唤醒的几种方式详解
目录
- Object类自带的方法
- Condition接口
- LockSupport
Object类自带的方法
使用wait()方法来阻塞线程,使用notify()和notifyAll()方法来唤醒线程。 调用wait()方法后,线程将被阻塞,wait()方法将会释放当前持有的监视器锁(monitor),直到有线程调用notify/notifyAll()方法后方能继续执行。 notify/notifyAll()方法只是解除了等待线程的阻塞,并不会马上释放监视器锁,而是在相应的被synchronized关键字修饰的同步方法或同步代码块执行结束后才自动释放锁。 默认使用非公平锁,无法修改。
缺点:
- 使用几个方法时,必须处于被synchronized关键字修饰的同步方法或同步代码块中,否则程序运行时,会抛出IllegalMonitorStateException异常。
- 线程的唤醒必须在线程阻塞之后,否则,当前线程被阻塞之后,一直没有唤醒,线程将会一直等待下去(对比LockSupport)
public class SynchronizedDemo { // 三个线程交替打印ABC public static void main(String[] args) { Print print = new Print(); new Thread(() -> { while (true) { print.printA(); } }, "A").start(); new Thread(() -> { while (true) { print.printB(); } }, "B").start(); new Thread(() -> { while (true) { print.printC(); } }, "C").start(android); } } class Print { Object object = new Object(); int num = 1; public void printA() { synchronized (object) { try { while (num != 1) { object.wait(); } for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "==>A"); } num = 2; object.notifyAll(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } public void printB() { synchronized (object) { try { while (num != 2) { object.wait(); } for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { System.ou编程客栈t.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "==>B"); } num = 3; object.notifyAll(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTr编程客栈ace(); } } } public void printC() { synchronized (object) { try { while (num != 3) { object.wait(); } for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "==>C"); } num = 1; www.devze.com object.notifyAll(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
Cohttp://www.devze.comndition接口
使用await()方法来阻塞线程,signal()/singnalAll()方法来唤醒线程。
需要使用lock对象的newCondition()方法获得Condition条件对象(可有多个)。
可实现公平锁,默认是非公平锁
缺点:
- 必须被Lock包裹,否则会在运行时抛出IllegalMonitorStateException异常。
- 线程的唤醒必须在线程阻塞之后
- Lock的实现是基于AQS,效率稍高于synchronized
public class ConditionDemo { // 三个线程交替打印ABC public static void main(String[] args) { Print print = new Print(); new Thread(() -> { while (true) { print.printA(); } }, "A").start(); new Thread(() -> { while (true) { print.printB(); } }, "B").start(); new Thread(() -> { while (true) { print.printC(); } }, "C").start(); } } class Print { private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); private Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition(); private Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition(); private Condition condition3 = lock.newCondition(); private int num = 1; public void printA() { lock.lock(); try { while (num != 1) { condition1.await(); } for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "==>A"); } num = 2; condition2.signal(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } public void printB() { lock.lock(); try { while (num != 2) { condition2.await(); } for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "==>B"); } num = 3; condition3.signal(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } public void printC() { lock.lock(); try { while (num != 3) { condition3.await(); } for (int i = 0; i < 15; ++i) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "==>C"); } num = 1; condition1.signal(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } }
LockSupport
使用park()来阻塞线程,用unpark()方法来唤醒线程。 这里有一个许可证的概念,许可不能累积,并且最多只能有一个许可,只有1和0的区别。
特点:
- 使用灵活,可以直接使用
- 线程唤醒可在线程阻塞之前,因为调用unpark()方法后,线程已经获得了一个许可证(但也只能有一个许可证),之后阻塞时,可以直接使用这个许可证来通行。
- 效率高
public class LockSupportDemo { // 三个线程交替打印ABC public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Print print = new Print(); Thread threadA = new Thread(() -> { while (true) { print.printA(); } }, "A"); Thread threadB = new Thread(() -> { while (true) { print.printB(); } }, "B"); Thread threadC = new Thread(() -> { while (true) { print.printC(); } }, "C"); threadA.start(); threadB.start(); threadC.start(); while (true) { LockSupport.unpark(threadA); LockSupport.unpark(threadB); LockSupport.unpark(threadC); } } } class Print { private int num = 1; public void printA() { while (num != 1) { LockSupport.park(); } for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "==>A"); } num = 2; } public void printB() { while (num != 2) { LockSupport.park(); } for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "==>B"); } num = 3; } public void printC() { while (num != 3) { LockSupport.park(); } for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "==>C"); } num = 1; } }
到此这篇关于Java线程阻塞和唤醒的几种方式详解的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Java线程阻塞和唤醒内容请搜索编程客栈(www.devze.com)以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持编程客栈(www.devze.com)!
精彩评论