JavaWeb中的文件的上传和下载
目录
- 文件上传
- 常用API
- 文件上传测试
- 文件的下载
文件上传
1.要有一个form标签,mpythonethod=post请求
2.form标签的encType属性的值必须为multipart/form-data值
3.在from标签中使用input type=file添加上传的文件
4.编写服务器代码接收上传的数据
Content-Type:表示提交的数据类型
enctype="multipart/form-data":表示提交的数据,以多段(每一个表单一个数据段)的形式进行拼接,然后以二进制流的形式发送给服务器
boundary:表示每段数据的分隔符
----WebKitFormBoundaryOZ1BoZwqflbGWUBH是由浏览器每次都随机生成,他就是每段数据的分界符
package com.pero.file.file_upload; import jakarta.servlet.*; import jakarta.servlet.http.*; import Java.io.IOException; public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { System.out.println("文件上传"); } }
<?XML version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakaUYuhcFMUuVrtaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee/web-app_5_0.xsd" version="5.0"> <servlet> <servlet-name>UploadServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.pero.file.file_upload.UploadServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>UploadSUYuhcFMUuVervlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/uploadServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
<%-- Created by IntelliJ IDEA. User: Administrator Date: 2023/3/15 Time: 23:08 To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates. --%> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form action="http://localhost:8080/file_Upload/uploadServlet" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> 用户名:<input type="text" name="username"/> 头像:<input type="file" name="photo"/> <input type="submit" value="上传"> </form> </body> </html>
常用API
导入commons-fileupload-1.3.3.jar和commons-io-2.6.jar包到项目lib目录下
常用类:
- ServletFileUpload类:用于解析上传的数据
- FileItem类:表示每一个表单项
- boolean ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(HttpServletRequest request):判断当前上传的数据格式是否为多段的格式
- public List<FileItem> parseRequest(HttpServletRequest request):解析上传数据
- boolean isFormField():判断当前表单项是普通表单项还是上传的文件类型,true表示表单项,false表示上传的文件类型
- String getFieldName():获取表单项的name属性值
- String getString():获取当前表单项的值
- String getName():获取上传的文件名
- void write(File var1) throws Exception:将上传的文件写到参数file所指向的硬盘位置
文件上传测试
package com.pero.servlet; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItemFactory; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.List; public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); //先判断上传数据是否为多段数据(只有多段数据才是文件上传的) if (ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(req)) { //创建FileItemFactory工厂实现类 FileItemFactory fileItemFactory = new DiskFileItemFactory(); //创建用于解析上传数据的工具类 ServletFileUpload servletFileUpload = new ServletFileUpload(fileItemFactory); //解析上传的数据得到每一个表单项Item try { List<FileItem> list = servletFileUpload.parseRequest(req); //循环判断每一个表单项是普通类型还是上传文件 for (FileItem fileItem : list) { if (fileItem.isFormField()) { //普通表单项 System.out.println("表单项的name属性值:" + fileItem.getFieldName()); //参数UTF-8解决中文乱码 System.out.println("表单项的value值:" + fileItem.getString("UTF-8")); } else { //上传文件 System.out.println("表单项的name属性值:" + fileItem.getFieldName()); System.out.println("上传文件名:" + fileItem.getName()); fileItem.write(new File("G:\\test" + fileItem.getName())); } } } catch (Excjavascripteption e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } } }
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="https://jakartjavascripta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee/web-app_6_0.xsd" version="6.0"> <servlet> <servlet-name>UploadServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.pero.servlet.UploadServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>UploadServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/uploadServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
<%-- Created by IntelliJ IDEA. User: Administrator Date: 2023/3/15 Time: 23:08 To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates. --%> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form action="http://192.168.42.31:8080/Upload_Web/uploadServlet" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> 用户名:<input type="text" name="username"/><br> 头像:<input type="file" name="photo"/><br> <input type="submit" value="上传"> </form> </body> </html>
文件的下载
客户端发送请求告诉服务器需要下载什么文件,服务器过去要下载的文件名,读取要下载的文件内容,把下载的文件内容回传给客户端,再回传前,通过响应头告诉客户端返回的数据类型,还要通过响应头告诉客户端收到的数据是用于下载使用
常用API说明:
- response.getOutputStream():获取响应输出流
- servletContext.getResourceAsStream():用于读取要下载的内容(返回对象为输入流)
- servletCOntext.getMimeType():获取要下载的文件类型
- response.setContentType():在回传之前通过响应头告诉客户端返回的数据类型
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;fileName=" + URLEncoder.encode("你好.png","UTF-8"));该响应头是告诉浏览器,这个文件是要下载的文件。attachment表示附件,也就是下载的文件,fileName=后面的表示下载的文件名
package com.pero.servlet.download_web; import jakarta.servlet.*; import jakarta.servlet.http.*; import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.URLEncoder; public class Download extends HttpServlet { @Override public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //1.获取要下载的文件名 String downloadFileName = "1.png"; //2.读取要下载的文件内容(通过ServletContext对象读取) ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext(); //获取要下载的文件类型 String mimeType = servletContext.getMimeType("/file/" + downloadFileName); System.out.println("下载的文件类型:" + mimeType); //再回传之前通过响应头告诉客户端返回的数据类型 response.setContentType(mimeType); //还要告诉客户端收到的数据是用于下载使用(还是使用响应头) //Content-Disposition响应头表示收到的数据怎么处理 //attachment表示指定下载的文件名 //url编码是把汉字转换成%xx%xx的格式 response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;fileName=" + URLEncoder.encode("你好.png","UTF-8")); InputStream resourceAsStream = servletContext.getResourceAsStream("/file/" + downloadFileName); //获取响应输出流 OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream(); //把要下载的文件内容回传给客户端 //读取输入流中全部的数据赋值给输出流,输出给客户端 IOUtils.copy(resourceAsStream, outputStream); } @Override public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { } }
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee/web-app_5_0.xsd" version="5.0"> <servlet> <servlet-name>Download</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.pero.servlet.download_web.Download</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>Download</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/download</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
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