Qt利用QNetwork实现上传数据的示例代码

2023-02-24 10:54 开发作者：欧特克_Glodon

1、利用Qt提供的类实现向服务器发送post和get请求

#include <QCoreApplication>
#include <QNetworkAccessManager>
#include <QNetworkRequest>
#include <QNetworkReply>

#include <QjsonArray>
#include <QJsonDocument>
#include <QJsonObject>
#include <QJsonParseError>
#include <QJsonValue>
#include <QString>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QFile>
#include <QDateTime>
#include <QDir>
#include <QThrjsead>

#pragma execution_character_set("utf-8")

void sendPostRequest()
{
    QNetworkAccessManager *m_pHttpMgr = new QNetworkAccessManager();
    //设置url
    QString url = "http://localhost:80/post";
    //设置头信息
    QNetworkRequest requestInfo;
    requestInfo.setUrl(QUrl(url));
    requestInfo.setHeader(QNetworkRequest::ContentTypeHeader,QVariant("apwww.devze.complication/json"));
    //requestInfo.setRawHeader("Content-Type","application/json");//服务器要求的数据头部
    //requestInfo.setRawHeader("Accept","text/json,*/*;q=0.5");//服务器要求的数据头部

    //发送数据
    QJsonObject regionObject;
    regionObject.insert("name","333");
    regionObject.insert("height", "2");
    regionObject.insert("dir", "0");

    QJsonArray pointAry;
    pointAry.append(0.8);
    pointAry.append(1.0);
    pointAry.append(0.0);

    pointAry.append(1.8);
    pointAry.append(2.0);
    pointAry.append(0.0);

    regionObject.insert("points", QJsonValue(pointAry));

    QJsonObject jsonObject;
    jsonObject.insert("Code", "asss");
    jsonObject.insert("parentId", 0);
    jsonObject.insert("depot", "past");
    jsonObject.insert("region", QJsonValue(regionObject));

    QJsonDocument jsonDoc;
    jsonDoc.setObject(jsonObject);

    QByteArray qByteHttpData = jsonDoc.toJson();
    QNetworkReply *reply =  m_pHttpMgr->post(requestInfo, qByteHttpData);

    //添加事件循环机制，返回后再运行后面的
    QEventLoop eventLoop;
    QObject::connect(reply, SIGNAL(finished()), &eventLoop, SLOT(quit()));
    eventLoop.exec();       //block until finish

    //错误处理
    if (reply->error() != QNetworkReply::NoError)
    {
        qDebug()<<"request protobufHttp handle errors here";
        QVariant statusCodeV = reply->attribute(QNetworkRequest::HttpStatusCodeAttribute);
        //statusCodeV是HTTP服务器的相应码，reply->error()是Qt定义的错误码，可以参考QT的文档
        qDebug( "request protobufHttp found error ....code: %d %d\n", statusCodeV.toInt(), (int)reply->error());
        qDebug(qPrintable(reply->errorString()));
    }

    //请求收到的结果
    QByteArray responseByte = reply->readAll();
    QString strRes = responseByte;
    qDebug() << "Post:" << strRes;
}

void sendGetRequest()
{
    QNetworkAccessManager *m_pHttpMgr = new QNetworkAccessManager();

    //设置url
    QString url = "http://localhost:80/Get;
    QNetworkRequest requestInfo;
    requestInfo.setUrl(QUrl(url));

    //添加事件循环机制，返回后再运行后面的
    QEventLoop eventLoop;
    QNetworkReply *reply =  m_pHttpMgr->get(requestInfo);
    QObject::connect(reply, SIGNAL(finished()), &eventLoop, SLOT(quit()));
    eventLoop.exec();       //block until finish

    //错误处理
    if (reply->error() != QNetworkReply::NoError)
    {
        qDebug()<<"request protobufHttp handle errors here";
        QVariant statusCodeV = reply->attribute(QNetworkRequest::HttpStatusCodeAttribute);
        //statusCodeV是HTTP服务器的相应码，reply->error()是Qt定义的错误码，可以参考QT的文档
        qDebug( "request protobufHttp found error ....code: %d %d\n", statusCodeV.toInt(), (int)reply->error());
        qDebug(qPrintable(reply->errorString()));
    }

    //请求返回的结果
    QByteArray responseByte = reply->readAll();

    QString strRes = responseByte;
    qDebug() << "Get:" << strRes;

    QFile file(QDir::currentPath() + "/myResponde.json");

    if(!file.open(QIODevice::Readwrite))
    {
        qDebug() << "File open error";
    }

    file.write(responseByte);
    file.close();
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);

    sendPostRequest();

    //sendGetRequest();

    return a.exec();
}

2、实现文件上传

QT       += core gui
QT       += network
greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets

CONFIG += c++11

Qnetworkutils.h 头文件

#ifndef QNETWORKUTILS_H
#define QNETWORKUTILS_H

#include <IOStream>
#include <QString>
#include <QNetworkRequest>
using namespace std;

namespace QNetWorkUtils
{
    // http请求数据
    struct HttpRequestData
    {
        HttpRequestData()
        {
            strServer = "127.0.0.1";
            nPort = 8082;
            strUrl = "";
        }

        // 重置数据
        void Reset()
        {
            strServer = "127.0.0.1";
            nPort = 8082;
            strUrl = "";
            bytePostData.clear();
            mapHeaders.clear();
        }

        QString strServer;
        int nPort;
        QString strUrl;
        QByteArray bytePostData;
        std::map<QNetworkRequest::KnownHeaders, QVariant> mapHeaders;
    };

    class CMultiPartItem
    {
    public:
        CMultiPartItem();

        // 该part为一个字符串，可以指定ContentType和ExContentDisposition
        CMultiPartItem(const QString& strName, const QString& strValue,
            const QString& strContentType = "",
            const QString& strExContentDisposition = "");

        // 该part为一个二进制块，可以指定ContentType（如“image/png”，可省略）和ExContentDisposition（如“filename="123.png"”，必须）
        CMultiPartItem(const QString& strName, void* pData, int nLen,
            const QString& strContentType = "",
            const QString& strExContentDisposition = "");

        QString m_sName;
        QString m_sValue;
        void* m_pData;
        int m_nDataLen;
        QString m_sContentType;
        QString m_sExContentDisposition;
    };
    typedef std::vector<CMultiPartItem> CMultiPartDatas;

    //************************************
    // 方法:   发送Get请求
    // 返回值: bool
    // 参数:   const HttpRequestData & data   请求数据
    // 参数:   QByteArray & respData          返回响应数据
    // 参数:   int nTimeoutmsec               请求超时毫秒
    //************************************
    bool HttpGet(
        const HttpRequestData& data,
        QByteArray& respData,
        int nTimeoutmsec = 30000,
        QString errMsg = QString(),
        int* pStatuCode = nullptr);

    //************************************
    // 方法:   发送Post请求
    // 返回值: bool
    // 参数:   const HttpRequestData & data   请求数据
    // 参数:   QByteArray & respData          返回响应数据
    // 参数:   int nTimeoutmsec               请求超时毫秒
    //************************************
    bool HttpPost(const HttpRequestData& data,
                  QByteArray& respData,
                  QString& errMsg,
                  int nTimeoutmsec = 30000);

    //************************************
    // 方法:   Multipart 数据post上传
    // 返回值: bool
    // 参数:   const QString& strURL                  请求URL
    // 参数:   const CMultiPartDatas& multiPartDatas  多部数据集合
    // 参数:   QByteArray & respData                  返回响应数据
    // 参数:   int nTimeoutmsec
    bool UploadMultipartData(
        const QString& strURL,
        const CMultiPartDatas& multiPartDatas,
        QByteArray& respData,
        QString& errMsg,
        int nTimeoutmsec = 30000);

    bool UploadMultipartData(
        const HttpRequestData& data,
        const CMultiPartDatas& multiPartDatas,
        QByteArray& respData,
        QString& errMsg,
        int nTimeoutmsec = 30000);
}

#endif // QNETWORKUTILS_H

Qnetworkutils.cpp 源文件

#include "networkutils.h"
#include <QNetworkRequest>
#include <QNetworkAccessManager>
#include <QNetworkReply>
#include <QHttpMultiPart>
#include <QEventLoop>
#include <QTimer>

namespace QNetWorkUtils
{
    CMultiPartItem::CMultiPartItem() :
        m_pData(nullptr),
        m_nDataLen(0)
    {
    }

    CMultiPartItem::CMultiPartItem(const QString& strName, const QString& strValue,
        const QString& strContentType /*= ""*/, const QString& strExContentDisposition /*= ""*/)
    {
        m_pData = nullptr;
        m_nDataLen = 0;
        m_sName = strName;
        m_sValue = strValue;
        m_sContentType = strContentType;
        m_sExContentDisposition = strExContentDisposition;
    }

    CMultiPartItem::CMultiPartItem(const QString& strName, void* pData, int nLen,
        const QString& strContentType /*= ""*/, const QString& strExContentDisposition /*= ""*/)
    {
        m_pData = pData;
        m_nDataLen = nLen;
        m_sName = strName;
        m_sContentType = strContentType;
        m_sExContentDisposition = strExContentDisposition;
    }

    //
    bool HttpGet(
        const HttpRequestData& data,
        QByteArray& respData,
        int nTimeoutmsec /*= 30000*/,
        QString& errMsg,
        int* pStatuCode /*= nullptr*/)
    {
        // Assemble Url
        QString strUrl = data.strUrl;
        if (!data.strServer.isEmpty())
            strUrl = data.strServer + ":" + QString::number(data.nPort) + "/" + data.strUrl;

        const QUrl url = QUrl::fromUserInput(strUrl);

        /http://www.devze.com/ Send Get Requeset
        QNetworkRequest request(url);
        for (auto iter = data.mapHeaders.begin(); iter != data.mapHeaders.end(); iter++)
        {
            request.setHeader(iter->first, iter->second);
        }

        QNetworkAccessManager qNetAccessManager;
        QNetworkReply* reply = qNetAccessManager.get(request);
        if (reply == nullptr)
            return false;

        // Set time out
        QTimer timer;
        timer.setInterval(nTimeoutmsec);    // 设置超时时间 30 秒
        timer.setSingleShot(true);          // 单次触发

        // Set Loop Event
        QEventLoop eventLoop;
        QObject::connect(&timer, &QTimer::timeout, &eventLoop, &QEventLoop::quit);
        QObject::connect(reply, &QNetworkReply::finished, &eventLoop, &QEventLoop::quit);
        timer.start();
        int eRes = eventLoop.exec(QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents);

        bool bResult = false;
     开发者_Python   if (timer.isActive())
        {
            timer.stop();
            QNetworkReply::NetworkError replyError = reply->error();
            QVariant variant = reply->attribute(QNetworkRequest::HttpStatusCodeAttribute);
            int nStatusCode = variant.toInt();
            if (nullptr != pStatuCode)
            {
                *pStatuCode = nStatusCode;
            }

            if (replyError != QNetworkReply::NoError)
            {
                errMsg = reply->errorString();
                qDebug() << "Error String : " << errMsg << "\n";
            }
            else
            {
                if (nStatusCode == 200)
                {
     编程客栈               // Accept Response
                    respData = reply->readAll();
                    bResult = true;
                }
                else
                {
                    bResult = false;
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            QObject::disconnect(reply, &QNetworkReply::finished, &eventLoop, &QEventLoop::quit);
            reply->abort();
            qDebug() << strUrl << ":Timeout\n";
        }

        reply->deleteLater();
        reply = nullptr;

        return bResult;
    }

    bool HttpPost(const HttpRequestData &data, QByteArray &respData, QString &errMsg, int nTimeoutmsec)
    {
        // Assemble Url
        QString strUrl = data.strUrl;
        if (!data.strServer.isEmpty())
            strUrl = data.strServer + ":" + QString::number(data.nPort) + "/" + data.strUrl;

        const QUrl url = QUrl::fromUserInput(strUrl);

        // Send Post Requeset
        QNetworkRequest request(url);
        for (auto iter = data.mapHeaders.begin(); iter != data.mapHeaders.end(); iter++)
        {
            request.setHeader(iter->first, iter->second);
        }

        QNetworkAccessManager qNetAccessManager;
        QNetworkReply* reply = qNetAccessManager.post(request, data.bytePostData);
        if (reply == nullptr)
            return false;

        // Set time out
        QTimer timer;
        timer.setInterval(nTimeoutmsec);    // 设置超时时间 30 秒
        timer.setSingleShot(true);          // 单次触发

        // Set Loop Event
        QEventLoop eventLoop;
        QObject::connect(&timer, &QTimer::timeout, &eventLoop, &QEventLoop::quit);
        QObject::connect(reply, &QNetworkReply::finished, &eventLoop, &QEventLoop::quit);
        timer.start();
        eventLoop.exec(QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents);

        bool bResult = false;
        if (timer.isActive())
        {
            timer.stop();
            QNetworkReply::NetworkError replyError = reply->error();
            if (replyError != QNetworkReply::NoError)
            {
                errMsg = reply->errorString();
                qDebug() << "Error String : " << reply->errorString() << "\n";
            }
            else
            {
                QVariant variant = reply->attribute(QNetworkRequest::HttpStatusCodeAttribute);
                int nStatusCode = variant.toInt();
                if (nStatusCode == 200)
                {
                    // Accept Response
                    respData = reply->readAll();
                    bResult = true;
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            QObject::disconnect(reply, &QNetworkReply::finished, &eventLoop, &QEventLoop::quit);
            reply->abort();
            errMsg = (strUrl + ":Timeout\n");
            qDebug() << strUrl << ":Timeout\n";
        }

        reply->deleteLater();
        reply = nullptr;

        return bResult;
    }


    bool UploadMultipartData(const HttpRequestData &data, const CMultiPartDatas &multiPartDatas, QByteArray &respData, QString &errMsg, int nTimeoutmsec)
    {
        QString strUrl = data.strUrl;
        if (!data.strServer.isEmpty())
            strUrl = data.strServer + ":" + QString::number(data.nPort) + "/" + data.strUrl;

        const QUrl url = QUrl::fromUserInput(strUrl);

        // 创建网络请求
        QNetworkRequest request;
        request.setUrl(url);

        QHttpMultiPart httpMultiPart(QHttpMultiPart::FormDataType);
        // 解决Qt自动解析MultiPart得到boundary=带双引号问题

        for (auto iter = data.mapHeaders.begin(); iter != data.mapHeaders.end(); iter++)
        {
            request.setHeader(iter->first, iter->second);
        }

        request.setHeader(QNetworkRequest::ContentTypeHeader, "multipart/form-data;boundary=" + httpMultiPart.boundary());
        FOR_EACH(itemPart, multiPartDatas)
        {
            QHttpPart httpPart;
            {
                QString strContentDisposition = QString("form-data; name=\"%1\"%2").arg(itemPart.m_sName)
                    .arg(itemPart.m_sExContentDisposition.isEmpty() ? "" : "; " + itemPart.m_sExContentDisposition);
                httpPart.setHeader(QNetworkRequest::ContentDispositionHeader, strContentDisposition.toUtf8());

                if (itemPart.m_sContentType.isEmpty() == false)
                {
                    httpPart.setHeader(QNetworkRequest::ContentTypeHeader, itemPart.m_sContentType.toUtf8());
                }

                if (itemPart.m_pData)
                {
                    httpPart.setBody(QByteArray((const char*)itemPart.m_pData, itemPart.m_nDataLen));
                }
                else
                {
                    httpPart.setBody(itemPart.m_sValue.toUtf8());
                }
            }

            httpMultiPart.append(httpPart);
        }

        QNetworkAccessManager qNetAccessManager;
        QNetworkReply* reply = qNetAccessManager.post(request, &httpMultiPart);
        if (reply == nullptr)
        {
            errMsg = QObject::tr("发送失败");
            return false;
        }

        QList<QByteArray> headers = reply->rawHeaderList();

        // Set time out
        QTimer timer;
        timer.setInterval(nTimeoutmsec);    // 设置超时时间 30 秒
        timer.setSingleShot(true);          // 单次触发

        // Set Loop Event
        QEventLoop eventLoop;
        QObject::connect(&timer, &QTimer::timeout, &eventLoop, &QEventLoop::quit);
        QObject::connect(reply, &QNetworkReply::finished, &eventLoop, &QEventLoop::quit);
        timer.start();
        eventLoop.exec(QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents);

        bool bResult = false;
        if (timer.isActive())
        {
            timer.stop();
            QNetworkReply::NetworkError replyError = reply->error();
            if (replyError != QNetworkReply::NoError)
            {
                errMsg = reply->errorString();
                qDebug() << "Error String : " << reply->errorString() << "\n";
            }
            else
            {
                QVariant variant = reply->attribute(QNetworkRequest::HttpStatusCodeAttribute);
                int nStatusCode = variant.toInt();
                if (nStatusCode == 200)
                {
                    // Accept Response
                    respData = reply->readAll();
                    bResult = true;
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            QObject::disconnect(reply, &QNetworkReply::finished, &eventLoop, &QEventLoop::quit);
            reply->abort();
            qDebug() << data.strUrl << ":Timeout\n";
        }

        reply->deleteLater();
        reply = nullptr;

        return bResult;
    }

    bool UploadMultipartData(const QString &strURL, const CMultiPartDatas &multiPartDatas, QByteArray &respData, QString &errMsg, int nTimeoutmsec)
    {
        // 创建网络请求
        QNetworkRequest request;
        request.setUrl(QUrl::fromUserInput(strURL));

        QHttpMultiPart httpMultiPart(QHttpMultiPart::FormDataType);
        // 解决Qt自动解析MultiPart得到boundary=带双引号问题
        request.setHeader(QNetworkRequest::ContentTypeHeader, "multipart/form-data;boundary=" + httpMultiPart.boundary());
        foreach (itemPart, multiPartDatas)
        {
            QHttpPart httpPart;
            {
                QString strContentDisposition = QString("form-data; name=\"%1\"%2").arg(itemPart.m_sName)
                    .arg(itemPart.m_sExContentDisposition.isEmpty() ? "" : "; " + itemPart.m_sExContentDisposition);
                httpPart.setHeader(QNetworkRequest::ContentDispositionHeader, strContentDisposition.toUtf8());

                if (itemPart.m_sContentType.isEmpty() == false)
                {
                    httpPart.setHeader(QNetworkRequest::ContentTypeHeader, itemPart.m_sContentType.toUtf8());
                }

                if (itemPart.m_pData)
                {
                    httpPart.setBody(QByteArray((const char*)itemPart.m_pData, itemPart.m_nDataLen));
                }
                else
                {
                    httpPart.setBody(itemPart.m_sValue.toUtf8());
                }
            }

            httpMultiPart.append(httpPart);
        }

        QNetworkAccessManager qNetAccessManager;
        QNetworkReply* reply = qNetAccessManager.post(request, &httpMultiPart);
        if (reply == nullptr)
        {
            errMsg = QObject::tr("发送失败");
            return false;
        }


        QList<QByteArray> headers = reply->rawHeaderList();

        // Set time out
        QTimer timer;
        timer.setInterval(nTimeou编程tmsec);    // 设置超时时间 30 秒
        timer.setSingleShot(true);          // 单次触发

        // Set Loop Event
        QEventLoop eventLoop;
        QObject::connect(&timer, &QTimer::timeout, &eventLoop, &QEventLoop::quit);
        QObject::connect(reply, &QNetworkReply::finished, &eventLoop, &QEventLoop::quit);
        timer.start();
        eventLoop.exec(QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents);

        bool bResult = false;
        if (timer.isActive())
        {
            timer.stop();
            QNetworkReply::NetworkError replyError = reply->error();
            if (replyError != QNetworkReply::NoError)
            {
                errMsg = reply->errorString();
                qDebug() << "Error String : " << reply->errorString() << "\n";
            }
            else
            {
                QVariant variant = reply->attribute(QNetworkRequest::HttpStatusCodeAttribute);
                int nStatusCode = variant.toInt();
                if (nStatusCode == 200)
                {
                    // Accept Response
                    respData = reply->readAll();
                    bResult = true;
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            QObject::disconnect(reply, &QNetworkReply::finished, &eventLoop, &QEventLoop::quit);
            reply->abort();
            qDebug() << strURL << ":Timeout\n";
        }

        reply->deleteLater();
        reply = nullptr;

        return bResult;
    }
}

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继续阅读：QtQNetwork QtQNetwork上传数据 QtQNetwork实现上传数据

Qt利用QNetwork实现上传数据的示例代码

目录

1、利用Qt提供的类实现向服务器发送post和get请求

2、实现文件上传

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