用selenium解决滑块验证码的实现步骤
目录
- 前言
- 实现步骤
- 1. 用selenium打开浏览器浏览指定网站
- 1.1 找到chromedriver.exe的路径
- 1.2 代码
- 2.将残缺块图片和背景图片下载到本地
- 2.1 找到图片位置
- 2.2 代码
- 3. 对比两张图片的相似地方,计算要滑动的距离
- 3.1 用matchTemplate获取移动距离
- 3.2 代码
- 3.3 检验效果
- 4. 规划路线,移动滑块
- 4.1 点击滑块移动
- 4.2 匹配失败原因
- 5 运行演示
- 补充
- 完整代码
- 总结
前言
因为种种原因没能实现愿景的目标,在这里记录一下中间结果,也算是一个收场吧。这篇博客主要是用selenium解决滑块验证码的个别案列。
思路:
- 用selenium打开浏览器指定网站
- 将残缺块图片和背fphDohzjLv景图片下载到本地
- 对比两张图片的相似地方,计算要滑动的距离
- 规划路线,移动滑块
实现步骤
1. 用selenium打开浏览器浏览指定网站
1.1 找到chromedriver.exe的路径
点击开始找到谷歌图标==》右键更多==》打开文件位置==》右键谷歌快捷方式==》属性 ==》打开文件所在的位置 ==》复制路径
1.2 代码
from selenium import webdriver # chrome_path要改成你自己的路径 chrome_path = r"C:\Usphpers\11248\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe" url = 'https://icas.jnu.edu.cn/cas/login' driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_path) driver.get(url)
2.将残缺块图片和背景图片下载到本地
2.1 找到图片位置
打开网页进入开发者工具,找到图片位置
2.2 代码
import time import requests from PIL import Image from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from io import BytesIO time.sleep(5) # 进入页面要停留几秒钟,等页面加载完 target_link = driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "yidun_bg-img").get_attribute('src') template_link = driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "yidun_jigsaw").get_attribute('src') target_img = Image.open(BytesIO(requests.get(target_link).content)) template_img = Image.open(BytesIO(requests.get(template_link).content)) target_img.save('target.jpg') template_img.save('template.png')
3. 对比两张图片的相似地方,计算要滑动的距离
3.1 用matchTemplate获取移动距离
因为背景图片中的残缺块位置和原始残缺图的亮度有所差异,直接对比两张图片相似的地方,往往得不到令人满意的结果,在此要对两张图片进行一定的处理,为了避免这种亮度的干扰,笔者这里将两张图片先进行灰度处理,再对图像进行高斯处理,最后进行边缘检测。
def handel_img(img): imgGray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_RGBA2GRAY) # 转灰度图 imgBlur = cv2.GaussianBlur(imgGray, (5, 5), 1) # 高斯模糊 imgCanny = cv2.Canny(imgBlur, 60, 60) # Canny算子边缘检测 return imgCanny
为增加工作量(放屁,统一代码好看点) 将JPG图像转变为4通道(RGBA)
def add_alpha_cwww.devze.comhannel(img): """ 为jpg图像添加alpha通道 """ r_channel, g_channel, b_channel = cv2.split(img) # 剥离jpg图像通道 alpha_channel = np.ones(b_channel.shape, dtype=b_channel.dtype) * 255 # 创建Alpha通道 img_new = cv2.merge((r_channel, g_channel, b_channel, alpha_channel)) # 融合通道 return img_new
3.2 代码
import cv2 # 读取图像 def match(img_jpg_path, img_png_path): # 读取图像 img_jpg = cv2.imread(img_jpg_path, cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED) img_png = cv2.imread(img_png_path, cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED) # 判断jpg图像是否已经为4通道 if img_jpg.shape[2] == 3: img_jpg = add_alpha_channel(img_jpg) img = handel_img(img_jpg) small_img = handel_img(img_png) res_TM_CCOEFF_NORMED = cv2.matchTemplate(img, small_img, 3) value = cv2.minMaxLoc(res_TM_CCOEFF_NORMED) value = value[3][0] # 获取到移动距离 return value
3.3 检验效果
为了验证思路和方法是否得当,这里将滑块图片与背景图片进行拼接,为后面埋下一个小坑。
def merge_img(jpg_img, png_img, y1, y2, x1, x2): """ 将png透明图像与jpg图像叠加 y1,y2,x1,x2为叠加位置坐标值 """ # 判断jpg图像是否已经为4通道 if jpg_img.shape[2] == 3: jpg_img = add_alpha_channel(jpg_img) # 获取要覆盖图像的alpha值,将像素值除以255,使值保持在0-1之间 alpha_png = png_img[yy1:yy2, xx1:xx2, 3] / 255.0 alpha_jpg = 1 - alpha_png # 开始叠加 for c in range(0, 3): jpg_img[y1:y2, x1:x2, c] = ((alpha_jpg * jpg_img[y1:y2, x1:x2, c]) + (alpha_png * png_img[yy1:yy2, xx1:xx2, c])) return jpg_img img_jpg_path = 'target.jpg' # 读者可自行修改文件路径 img_png_path = 'template.png' # 读者可自行修改文件路径 x1 = match(img_jpg_path, img_png_path) y1 = 0 x2 = x1 + img_png.shape[1] y2 = y1 + img_png.shape[0] # 开始叠加 res_img = merge_img(img_jpg, img_png, y1, y2, x1, x2) cv2.imshow("res_img ", res_img) cv2.waitKey(0)
4. 规划路线,移动滑块
4.1 点击滑块移动
用第3节已经获取到的距离,点击滑块进行移动
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains def crack_slider(distance): wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 20) slider = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME, 'yidun_slider'))) ActionChains(self.driver).click_and_hold(slider).perform() ActionChains(self.driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=distance, yoffset=0).perform() time.sleep(2) ActionChains(self.driver).release().perform() return 0
神奇的事情是,坑来了,没有匹配成功。
4.2 匹配失败原因
这里有以下两点原因:
- 图片尺寸发生了变化,距离js要进行转换。
- 滑块滑动时,滑块和残缺块的相对位置有变动
首先解决图片尺寸变化问题,找到网页中图片大小:345x172.500
下载到本地图片大小:480x240
所以要对距离进行以下处理:
distance = distance / 480 * 345
关于第二个问题,这里没有找到很好的测量工具测量出来,好在验证码对位置精确度要求不高,就一个个试数吧。
distance = distance /480 * 345 + 12
5 运行演示
补充
在对极验验证码进行学习中,有的网站对移动轨迹进行了验证,如果滑动太快,也会被识别出机器操作,为了模拟人工操作,出色的程序员写出了一个魔幻移动轨迹,举个例子:我们可以先超过目标,再往回移动。
def get_tracks(distance): distance += 20 v = 0 t = 0.2 forward_tracks = [] current = 0 mid = distance * 3 / 5 while current < distance: if current < mid: a = 2 else: a = -3 s = v * t + 0.5 * a * (t ** 2) v = v + a * t current += s forward_tracks.append(round(s)) back_tracks = [-3, -3, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -1, -1, -1] return {'forward_tracks': forward_tracks, 'back_tracks': back_tracks} def crack_slider(tracks): wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 20) slider = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME, 'yidun_slider'))) ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(slider).perform() # 模拟按住鼠标左键 for track in tracks['forward_tracks']: ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=track, yoffset=0).perform() time.sleep(0.5) for back_tracks in tracks['back_tracks']: ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=back_tracks, yoffset=0).perform() ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=-4, yoffset=0).perform() ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=4, yoffset=0).perform() time.sleep(0.5) ActionChains(driver).release().perform() # 释放左键 return 0
完整代码
# coding=utf-8 import re import requests import time from io impo开发者_JAVA教程rt BytesIO import cv2 import numpy as np from PIL import Image from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait class CrackSlider(): # 通过浏览器截图,识别验证码中缺口位置,获取需要滑动距离,并破解滑动验证码 def __init__(self): super(CrackSlider, self).__init__() self.opts = webdriver.ChromeOptions() self.opts.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches', ['enable-logging']) # self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(ChromeDriverManager().install(), options=self.opts) chrome_path = r"C:\Users\11248\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\Application\chromedriver.exe" self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_path, options=self.opts) self.url = 'https://icas.jnu.edu.cn/cas/login' self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10) 编程客栈 def get_pic(self): self.driver.get(self.url) time.sleep(5) target_link = self.driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "yidun_bg-img").get_attribute('src') template_link = self.driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "yidun_jigsaw").get_attribute('src') target_img = Image.open(BytesIO(requests.get(target_link).content)) template_img = Image.open(BytesIO(requests.get(template_link).content)) target_img.save('target.jpg') template_img.save('template.png') def crack_slider(self, distance): slider = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME, 'yidun_slider'))) ActionChains(self.driver).click_and_hold(slider).perform() ActionChains(self.driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=distance, yoffset=0).perform() time.sleep(2) ActionChains(self.driver).release().perform() return 0 def add_alpha_channel(img): """ 为jpg图像添加alpha通道 """ r_channel, g_channel, b_channel = cv2.split(img) # 剥离jpg图像通道 alpha_channel = np.ones(b_channel.shape, dtype=b_channel.dtype) * 255 # 创建Alpha通道 img_new = cv2.merge((r_channel, g_channel, b_channel, alpha_channel)) # 融合通道 return img_new def handel_img(img): imgGray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_RGBA2GRAY) # 转灰度图 imgBlur = cv2.GaussianBlur(imgGray, (5, 5), 1) # 高斯模糊 imgCanny = cv2.Canny(imgBlur, 60, 60) # Canny算子边缘检测 return imgCanny def match(img_jpg_path, img_png_path): # 读取图像 img_jpg = cv2.imread(img_jpg_path, cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED) img_png = cv2.imread(img_png_path, cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED) # 判断jpg图像是否已经为4通道 if img_jpg.shape[2] == 3: img_jpg = add_alpha_channel(img_jpg) img = handel_img(img_jpg) small_img = handel_img(img_png) res_TM_CCOEFF_NORMED = cv2.matchTemplate(img, small_img, 3) value = cv2.minMaxLoc(res_TM_CCOEFF_NORMED) value = value[3][0] # 获取到移动距离 return value # 1. 打开chromedriver,试试下载图片 cs = CrackSlider() cs.get_pic() # 2. 对比图片,计算距离 img_jpg_path = 'target.jpg' # 读者可自行修改文件路径 img_png_path = 'template.png' # 读者可自行修改文件路径 distance = match(img_jpg_path, img_png_path) distance = distance /480 * 345 + 12 # 3. 移动 cs.crack_slider(distance)
总结
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