Python GUI之tkinter详解

展示

import tkinter
 if __name__ == '__main__':
    win = tkinter.Tk()
     #设置标题
    win.title("我的世界")
     #设置宽和高
    win.geometry('800x600')
     #创建画布，设置背景色，高，宽
    canvas = tkinter.Canvas(win,bg='#EBEBEB',width=800,height=1200,xscrollincrement = 1,
                yscrollincrement = 1)
    x0,y0 = 100,100
    # 创建一个圆,填充红色，轮廓白色
    oval = canvas.create_oval(x0-5,y0-5,x0+5,y0+5,fill='#ff0000',outline="#000000",tags="node")
    canvas.create_text(x0,y0-10,text='('+str(x0) +','+str(y0)+')',fill='bla编程客栈ck',tags="text")
    p1 = (x0,y0)
     x0, y0 = 120,170
    oval = canvas.create_oval(x0 - 5, y0 - 5, x0 + 5, y0 + 5, fill='#ff0000', outline="#000000", tags="node")
    canvas.create_text(x0, y0 - 10, text='(' + str(x0) + ',' + str(y0) + ')', fill='black',tags="text")
    p2 = (x0, y0)
     #连线
    canvas.create_line(p1, p2, fill='#000000', tags="line")
     canvas.pack(expand = tkinter.YES, fill = tkinter.BOTH)
     #删除tags = "text"
    # canvas.delete("text")
     win.mainloop()

from tkinter import *
import random
if __name__ == '__main__':
    win 编程客栈= Tk()
     #设置标题
    win.title("我的世界")
     #设置宽和高
    win.geometry('800x600')
    frame = Frame(win)编程客栈
     #创建画布，设置背景色，高，宽
    canvas = Canvas(frame,bg='#EBEBEB',width=800,height=800,scrollregion=(0,0,2000,1200))
    pos = [[565.0,575.0],[25.0,185.0],[345.0,750.0],[945.0,685.0],[845.0,655.0],
                        [880.0,660.0],[25.0,230.0],[525.0,1000.0],[580.0,1175.0],[650.0,1130.0],
                        [1605.0,620.0],[1220.0,580.0],[1465.0,200.0],[1530.0,  5.0],[845.0,680.0],
                        [725.0,370.0],[145.0,665.0],[415.0,635.0],[510.0,875.0],[560.0,365.0],
                        [300.0,465.0],[520.0,585.0],[480.0,415.0],[835.0,625.0],[975.0,580.0],
                        [1215.0,245.0],[1320.0,315.0],[1250.0,400.0],[660.0,180.0],[410.0,250.0],
                        [420.0,555.0],[575.0,665.0],[1150.0,1160.0],[700.0,580.0],[685.0,595.0],
                        [685.0,610.0],[770.0,610.0],[795.0,645.0],[720.0,635.0],[760.0,650.0],
                        [475.0,960.0],[95.0,260.0],[875.0,920.0],[700.0,500.0],[555.0,815.0],
                        [830.0,485.0],[1170.0, 65.0],[830.0,610.0],[605.0,625.0],[595.0,360.0],
                        [1340.0,725.0],[1740.0,245.0]]
    for x,y in pos:
       编程客栈 canvas.create_oval(x - 5, y - 5, x + 5, y + 5, fill='#ff0000', outline="#000000", tags="node")
        canvas.create_text(x, y - 10, text='(' + str(x) + ',' + str(y) + ')', fill='black', tags="text")
     length = len(pos)
    path = [x for x in range(length)]
    random.shuffle(path)
     for i in range(length-1):
        canvas.create_line(pos[i], pos[i+1], fill='#000000', tags="line")
     hbar = Scrollbar(frame,orient=HORIZONTAL)  # 定义水平滚动条
    hbar.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)  # 放置水平滚动条在最下侧,占满X轴
    hbar.config(command=canvas.xview)# 设置水平滚动条的函数与画布的X轴滚动条事件绑定
    vbar = Scrollbar(frame,orient=VERTICAL)  # 定义垂直滚动条
    vbar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)  # 放置垂直滚动条在最右侧,占满Y轴
    vbar.config(command=canvas.yview)# 设置垂直滚动条的函数与画布的Y轴滚动条事件绑定
     canvas.config(xscrollcommand=hbar.set, yscrollcommand=vbar.set) # 设置画布的X,Y轴滚动条函数与垂直滚动条绑定
    canvas.pack(expand=True, fill=BOTH)
    frame.pack(expand=True, fill=BOTH)
    #删除tags = "text"
    # canvas.delete("text")
     win.mainloop()
 

多线程

import time
from tkinter import *
import random
import threading
pos = [[565.0,575.0],[25.0,185.0],[345.0,750.0],[945.0,685.0],[845.0,655.0],
                        [880.0,660.0],[25.0,230.0],[525.0,1000.0],[580.0,1175.0],[650.0,1130.0],
                        [1605.0,620.0],[1220.0,580.0],[1465.0,200.0],[1530.0,  5.0],[845.0,680.0],
                        [725.0,370.0],[145.0,665.0],[415.0,635.0],[510.0,875.0],[560.0,365.0],
                        [300.0,465.0],[520.0,585.0],[480.0,415.0],[835.0,625.0],[975.0,580.0],
                        [1215.0,245.0],[1320.0,315.0],[1250.0,400.0],[660.0,180.0],[410.0,250.0],
                        [420.0,555.0],[575.0,665.0],[1150.0,1160.0],[700.0,580.0],[685.0,595.0],
                        [685.0,610.0],[770.0,610.0],[795.0,645.0],[720.0,635.0],[760.0,650.0],
                        [475.0,960.0],[95.0,260.0],[875.0,920.0],[700.0,500.0],[555.0,815.0],
                        [830.0,485.0],[1170.0, 65.0],[830.0,610.0],[605.0,625.0],[595.0,360.0],
                        [1340.0,725.0],[1740.0,245.0]]
 win = Tk()
 #设置标题
win.title("我的世界")
 #设置宽和高
win.geometry('800x600')
frame = Frame(win)
 #创建画布，设置背景色，高，宽
canvas = Canvas(frame,bg='#EBEBEB',width=800,height=800,scrollregion=(0,0,2000,1200))
 for x,y in pos:
    canvas.create_oval(x - 5, y - 5, x + 5, y + 5, fill='#ff0000', outline="#000000", tags="node")
    canvas.create_text(x, y - 10, text='(' + str(x) + ',' + str(y) + ')', fill='black', tags="text")
 hbar = Scrollbar(frame,orient=HORIZONTAL编程客栈)  # 定义水平滚动条
hbar.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)  # 放置水平滚动条在最下侧,占满X轴
hbar.config(command=canvas.xview)# 设置水平滚动条的函数与画布的X轴滚动条事件绑定
vbar = Scrollbar(frame,orient=VERTICAL)  # 定义垂直滚动条
vbar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)  # 放置垂直滚动条在最右侧,占满Y轴
vbar.config(command=canvas.yview)# 设置垂直滚动条的函数与画布的Y轴滚动条事件绑定
 canvas.config(xscrollcommand=hbar.set, yscrollcommand=vbar.set) # 设置画布的X,Y轴滚动条函数与垂直滚动条绑定
canvas.pack(expand=True, fill=BOTH)
frame.pack(expand=True, fill=BOTH)
def run():
    length = len(pos)
    path = [x for x in range(length)]
    random.shuffle(path)
    time.sleep(1)
     for i in range(length - 1):
        canvas.create_line(pos[i], pos[i + 1], fill='#000000', tags="line", arrow=LAST, width=1)
        time.sleep(1)
if __name__ == '__main__':
     #删除tags = "text"
    # canvas.delete("text")
     t = threading.Thread(target=run)
    t.start()
     win.mainloop()
 

暂定版本

个人知识还是不够，里面还有很多小bug，容我再思考思考

import time
from tkinter import *
import random
import sys
import threading
class TSP(object):
    def __init__(self,root,cities:list[list]):
        self.__root = root
        self.__root.geometry('800x600')
        self.__root.title("TSP蚁群算法(n:初始化 e:开始搜索 s:停止搜索 c:继续搜索 q:退出程序)")
        self.__frame = Frame(root)
        self.__canvas = Canvas(self.__frame,bg='#EBEBEB',width=800,height=800,scrollregion=(0,0,2000,1200))
         hbar = Scrollbar(self.__frame, orient=HORIZONTAL)  # 定义水平滚动条
        hbar.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)  # 放置水平滚动条在最下侧,占满X轴
        hbar.config(command=self.__canvas.xview)  # 设置水平滚动条的函数与画布的X轴滚动条事件绑定
        vbar = Scrollbar(self.__frame, orient=VERTICAL)  # 定义垂直滚动条
        vbar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)  # 放置垂直滚动条在最右侧,占满Y轴
        vbar.config(command=self.__canvas.yview)  # 设置垂直滚动条的函数与画布的Y轴滚动条事件绑定
         self.__canvas.config(xscrollcommand=hbar.set, yscrollcommand=vbar.set)  # 设置画布的X,Y轴滚动条函数与垂直滚动条绑定
        self.__canvas.pack(expand=True, fill=BOTH)
        self.__frame.pack(expand=True, fill=BOTH)
        self.setCity(cities)
         self.__lock = threading.RLock()  # 线程锁
        self.__bindEvents()
         self.__new()
     def setCity(self,cities:list[list]):
        self.__cities = cities
    def sefPathsAndValues(self,paths:[list],values:list):
        self.__paths = paths
        self.__values = values
     # 按键响应程序
    def __bindEvents(self):
        self.__root.bind("q", self.__quite)  # 退出程序
        self.__root.bind("n", self.__new)  # 初始化
        self.__root.bind("e", self.__search_path)  # 开始搜索
        self.__root.bind("s", self.__stop)  # 停止搜索
        self.__root.bind("c", self.__continue)  # 继续搜索
     #初始化
    def __new(self,event=None):
        self.__lock.acquire()       #上锁
        self.__running = False      #标志位
        self.__lock.release()       #释放锁
         for x, y in self.__cities:
            self.__canvas.create_oval(x - 5, y - 5, x + 5, y + 5, fill='#ff0000', outline="#000000", tags="node")
            self.__canvas.create_text(x, y - 10, text='(' + str(x) + ',' + str(y) + ')', fill='black', tags="text")
    def __quite(self,event=None):
        self.__lock.acquire()  # 上锁
        self.__running = False  # 标志位
        self.__lock.release()  # 释放锁
        self.__root.destroy()
        print(u"\n程序已退出...")
        sys.exit()
        # 停止搜索
     def __stop(self,event=None):
        self.__lock.acquire()  # 上锁
        self.__running = False  # 标志位
        self.__lock.release()  # 释放锁
    def __line(self,path:list):
        self.__canvas.delete("line")
        i = 0
        while self.__running:
            if i == len(self.__cities) -1:
                break
            p1, p2 = self.__cities[path[i]], self.__cities[path[i + 1]]
            self.__canvas.create_line(p1, p2, fill='#000000', tags="line",
                                      arrow=LAST, width=1)
            self.__canvas.update()
            self.__canvas.after(500)
            i = i+1
     # 开始搜索
    def __search_path(self,event=None):
        self.__lock.acquire()  # 上锁
        self.__running = True  # 标志位
        self.__lock.release()  # 释放锁
         while self.__running:
            x = random.randint(10,100)
            label = Label(self.__canvas,text="最佳路径总距离:"+str(x)).place(x=10,y=30)
            self.__canvas.update()
            path = [x for x in range(len(self.__cities))]
            random.shuffle(path)
            self.__line(path)
     def __continue(self,event=None):
        self.__lock.acquire()  # 上锁
        self.__running = True  # 标志位
        self.__lock.release()  # 释放锁
    def mainloop(self):
        self.__root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
     tsp = TSP(Tk(),cities)
    tsp.mainloop()

总结

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