StoneDB主从配置及切换实践方案
目录
- 1、操作系统环境检查
- 1.1 关闭防火墙
- 1.2 关闭SElinux
- 1.3 设置Swap分区
- 1.4 修改操作系统的限制
- 1.5 创建用户
- 2、部署mysql
- 2.1 下载安装包
- 2.2 卸载mariadb
- 2.3 上传tar包并解压
- 2.4 创建目录
- 2.5 配置参数文件 my.cnf
- master
- slave1
- 2.6 初始化实例
- 2.7 启动实例
- 3、部署StoneDB
- 3.1 下载安装包
- 3.2 上传tar包并解压
- 3.3 检查依赖文件
- 3.4 创建目录
- 3.5 配置参数文件 my.cnf
- 3.6 初始化实例
- 3.7 启动实例
- 4、配置主从
- 4.1 创建复制用户
- 4.2 备份主库
- 4.3 传输备份文件
- 4.4 slave1节点
- 4.5 slave2节点
- 4.6 建立主从复制
- slave1节点
- slave2节点
- 5、配置Replication Manager
- 5.1 配置hosts文件
- 5.2 配置免密
- 5.3 配置yum源
- 5.4 安装Replication Manager
- 5.5 主库创建监控用户
- 5.6 配置config.toml
- 5.7 启动Replication Manager
- 5.8 WEB登录
- 6、建议项
StoneDB 的主从切换既可以手动切换，也可以自动切换，自动切换通常需要使用第三方中间件。本文介绍的是较为常用的中间件 Replication Manager，当 master 发生宕机时，可自动切换至 slave，保证业务正常运行，故障节点恢复后再加入主从。
服务器配置说明
| IP | Memory | CPU | OS version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 192.168.30.40 | 8G | 8C | Centos Linux release 7.9 |
| 192.168.30.41 | 8G | 8C | CentOS Linux release 7.9 |
| 192.168.30.42 | 8G | 8C | CentOS Linux release 7.9 |
| 192.168.30.46 | 16G | 16C | CentOS Linux release 7.9 |
注：主从环境中的各个服务器的配置一般情况下建议是一致的，但由于 StoneDB 不管重放 binlog，还是用于 OLAP 场景的查询，都是较消耗系统资源的，建议 StoneDB 配置略高于 MySQL。
主从环境说明
| IP | DATABASE | ROLE | DB version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 192.168.30.40 | MySQL | master | MySQL 5.7 |
| 192.168.30.41 | / | Replication Manager | / |
| 192.168.30.42 | MySQL | slave | MySQL 5.7 |
| 192.168.30.46 | StoneDB | slave | StoneDB 5.7 |
注：MySQL 与 StoneDB 的版本建议保持一致。
推荐采用一主两从的架构，其中 StoneDB 不参与主从切换：
1）master（192.168.30.40）使用 InnoDB 引擎，可读写，提供 OLTP 场景的读写业务；
2）slave1（192.168.30.42）使用 InnoDB 引擎，只读，同时作为 standby，当 zdbLuamaster 发生宕机时，可切换至 slave1，保证业务正常运行；
3）slave2（192.168.30.46）使用 Tianmu 引擎，只读，提供 OLAP 场景的读业务。
1、操作系统环境检查
操作系统环境检查的步骤在四个节点均需要执行。
1.1 关闭防火墙
# systemctl stop firewalld # systemctl disable firewalld
1.2 关闭SELINUX
# vim /etc/selinux/config SELINUX = disabled
1.3 设置Swap分区
修改vm.swappiness的值为1，表示尽量不使用Swap。
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf vm.swappiness = 1
1.4 修改操作系统的限制
# ulimit -a core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 0 fi编程客栈le size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 1031433 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited open files (-n) 65535 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200 real-time priority (-r) 0 stack size (kbytes, -s) 10240 cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) 1024 virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited file locks (-x) unlimited 修改操作系统的软硬限制 # vim /etc/security/limits.conf * soft nofile 65535 * hard nofile 65535 mysql soft nproc 1028056 mysql hard nproc 1028056
1.5 创建用户
# groupadd mysql # useradd -g mysql mysql # passwd mysql
Replication Manager 节点无需创建，以上步骤执行完之后，重启操作系统。
2、部署MySQL
在 master 节点和 slave1 节点安装 MySQL。
2.1 下载安装包
httpsandroid://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/从官网下载 MySQL 5.7 的安装包。
2.2 卸载mariadb
# rpm -qa|grep mariadb mariadb-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 mariadb-server-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 # yum remove mariadb* # rpm -qa|grep mariadb
2.3 上传tar包并解压
# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.36-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ # cd /usr/local/ # mv mysql-5.7.36-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
2.4 创建目录
# mkdir -p /mysql/data/ # mkdir -p /mysql/log # chown -R mysql:mysql /mysql/
2.5 配置参数文件 my.cnf
master
# vim /etc/my.cnf [client] port = 3306 socket = /mysql/data/mysql.sock [mysqld] port = 3306 basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /mysql/data socket = /mysql/data/mysql.sock pid_file = /mysql/data/mysqld.pid log_error = /mysql/log/mysqld.log log_bin = /mysql/log/mybinlog server_id = 40 character_set_server = utf8mb4 collation_server = utf8mb4_general_ci max_connections = 1000 binlog_format = row default_storage_engine = innodb read_only=0 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4096000000 innodb_log_file_size = 1024000000 innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_io_capacity = 4000 innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000 #开启GTID模式 gtid_mode = on enforce_gtid_consistency = 1 #并行复制 binlog_transaction_dependency_tracking = WRITESET transaction_write_set_extraction = XXHASH64
slave1
# vim /etc/my.cnf [client] port = 3306 socket = /mysql/data/mysql.sock [mysqld] port = 3306 basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /mysql/data socket = /mysql/data/mysql.sock pid_file = /mysql/data/mysqld.pid log_error = /mysql/log/mysqld.log log_bin = /mysql/log/mybinlog server_id = 42 character_set_server = utf8mb4 collation_server = utf8mb4_general_ci max_connections = 1000 binlog_format = row default_storage_engine = innodb read_only=1 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4096000000 innodb_log_file_size = 1024000000 innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_io_capacity = 4000 innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000 #开启GTID模式 gtid_mode = on enforce_gtid_consistency = 1 #并行复制 slave_parallel_type = LOGICAL_CLOCK slave_parallel_workers = 4
2.6 初始化实例
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql
2.7 启动实例
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql &
注：管理员用户的临时密码在 mysqld.log 中，第一次登陆后需要修改管理员用户的密码。
3、部署StoneDB
3.1 下载安装包
https://stonedb.io/zh/docs/download/从官网下载 S开发者_KafkatoneDB 5.7 的安装包。
3.2 上传tar包并解压
# cd / # tar -zxvf stonedb-ce-5.7-v1.0.0.el7.x86_64.tar.gz
用户可根据安装规范将安装包上传至服务器，解压出来的目录是 stonedb57，示例中的安装路径是 /stonedb57。
3.3 检js查依赖文件
# cd /stonedb57/install/bin # ldd mysqld # ldd mysql
如果检查返回有关键字"not found"，说明缺少文件，需要安装对应的依赖包。例如：
libsnappy.so.1 => not found
在 Ubuntu 上使用命令 "sudo apt search libsnappy" 检查，说明需要安装 libsnappy-dev。在 RedHat 或者 CentOS 上使用命令 "yum search all snappy" 检查，说明需要安装 snappy-devel、snappy。
3.4 创建目录
mkdir -p /stonedb57/install/data mkdir -p /stonedb57/install/binlog mkdir -p /stonedb57/install/log mkdir -p /stonedb57/install/tmp mkdir -p /stonedb57/install/redolog mkdir -p /stonedb57/install/undolog chown -R mysql:mysql /stonedb57
3.5 配置参数文件 my.cnf
# vim /stonedb57/install/my.cnf [client] port = 3306 socket = /stonedb57/install/tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld] port = 3306 basedir = /stonedb57/install/ datadir = /stonedb57/install/data socket = /stonedb57/install/tmp/mysql.sock pid_file = /stonedb57/install/data/mysqld.pid log_error = /stonedb57/install/log/mysqld.log log_bin = /stonedb57/install/binlog/binlog server_id = 46 character_set_server = utf8mb4 collation_server = utf8mb4_general_ci max_connections = 1000 binlog_format = row default_storage_engine = tianmu read_only=1 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048000000 innodb_log_file_size = 1024000000 innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_io_capacity = 4000 innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000 innodb_log_group_home_dir = /stonedb57/install/redolog/ innodb_undo_directory = /stonedb57/install/undolog/ innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1 innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3 innodb_undo_logs = 128 #开启GTID模式 gtid_mode = on enforce_gtid_consistency = 1 #并行复制 slave_parallel_type = LOGICAL_CLOCK slave_parallel_workers = 8
3.6 初始化实例
/stonedb57/install/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/stonedb57/install/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql
3.7 启动实例
/stonedb57/install/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/stonedb57/install/my.cnf --user=mysql &
注：管理员用户的临时密码在 mysqld.log 中，第一次登陆后需要修改管理员用户的密码。
4、配置主从
4.1 创建复制用户
create user 'repl'@'%' identified by 'mysql123'; grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'%';
4.2 备份主库
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -pmysql123 --single-transaction --set-gtid-purged=on -B aa > /tmp/aa.sql
4.3 传输备份文件
scp /tmp/aa.sql root@192.168.30.42:/tmp scp /tmp/aa.sql root@192.168.30.43:/tmp
注：如果数据较大，建议使用 mydumper.
4.4 slave1节点
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -pmysql123 -S /mysqldb/data/mysql.sock source /tmp/aa.sql
注：恢复前需要确保 gtid_executed 为空。
4.5 slave2节点
在恢复前，需要修改存储引擎，注释锁表语句。
sed -i 's/UNLOCK TABLES/-- UNLOCK TABLES/g' /tmp/aa.sql sed -i 's/LOCK TABLES `/-- LOCK TABLES `/g' /tmp/aa.sql sed -i 's/ENGINE=InnoDB/ENGINE=tianmu/g' /tmp/aa.sql /stonedb57/install/bin/mysql -uroot -pmysql123 -S /stonedb57/install/tmp/mysql.sock source /tmp/aa.sql
注：恢复前需要确保 gtid_executed 为空。
4.6 建立主从复制
slave1节点
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.30.40', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='mysql123', MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1; start slave; show slave status\G
slave2节点
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.30.40', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='mysql123', MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1; start slave; show slave status\G
5、配置Replication Manager
5.1 配置hosts文件
在所有节点都要配置
# vim /etc/hosts 192.168.30.40 HAMI01 192.168.30.41 HAMI02 192.168.30.42 HAMI03 192.168.30.46 HAST05
5.2 配置免密
在 Replication Manager 节点配置
ssh-keygen ssh-copy-id HAMI01 ssh-copy-id HAMI03 ssh-copy-id HAST05 ssh HAMI01 ssh HAMI03 ssh HAST05
注：若 ssh 免密登录表示免密配置成功。
5.3 配置yum源
# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/signal18.repo [signal18] name=Signal18 repositories baseurl=http://repo.signal18.io/centos/2.1/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=0 enabled=js1
5.4 安装Replication Manager
# yum install -y replication-manager-osc # rpm -qa|grep replication replication-manager-osc-2.2.20-1.x86_64
5.5 主库创建监控用户
create user 'rep_monitor'@'%' identified by 'mysql123'; grant reload, process, super, replication slave, replication client, event ON *.* to 'rep_monitor'@'%'; grant select ON mysql.event to 'rep_monitor'@'%'; grant select ON mysql.user to 'rep_monitor'@'%'; grant select ON performance_schema.* to 'rep_monitor'@'%';
5.6 配置config.toml
# vim /etc/replication-manager/config.toml # 集群名称 [StoneDB-HA] # 主从节点 db-servers-hosts = "192.168.30.40:3306,192.168.30.42:3306,192.168.30.46:3306" # 主节点 db-servers-prefered-master = "192.168.30.40:3306" # 监控用户 db-servers-credential = "rep_monitor:mysql123" db-servers-connect-timeout = 2 # 复制用户 replication-credential = "repl:mysql123" # StoneDB不被用于切换 db-servers-ignored-hosts="192.168.30.46:3306" ############## ## FAILOVER ## ############## # 故障自动切换 failover-mode = "automatic" # 30s内再次发生故障不切换，防止硬件问题或网络问题 failover-time-limit=30 [Default] ######### ## LOG ## ######### log-file = "/var/log/replication-manager.log" log-heartbeat = false log-syslog = false monitoring-datadir = "/var/lib/replication-manager" log-level=1 replication-multi-master = false replication-multi-tier-slave = false failover-readonly-state = true http-server = true http-bind-address = "0.0.0.0" http-port = "10001"
5.7 启动Replication Manager
# systemctl start replication-manager # netstat -lntp|grep replication tcp6 0 0 :::10001 :::* LISTEN 13128/replication-m tcp6 0 0 :::10005 :::* LISTEN 13128/replication-m
5.8 WEB登录
http://192.168.30.41:10001默认用户名密码为 admin/repman
6、建议项
1）建议设置为 GTID 模式；
2）建议主从配置成半同步模式；
3）StoneDB 不参与主从切换。
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