MySql主从部署的实现步骤

目录

• 1、操作环境
• 2、配置操作
• 2.1、主节点配置
• 2.2、从节点配置
• 2.3、配置数据同步
• 2.4、测试

1、操作环境

硬件环境：香橙派5 aarch64架构
软件环境：Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS
软件版本：mysql-8.0.42
操作方式：mysql_1,mysql_2容器
主节点：mysql_1
启动命令：docker run --name mysql_master \
  -p 3308:3306 \
  -v /data/Test/mysql_master/data:/var/lib/mysql \
  -v /data/Test/mysql_master/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
  -v /data/Test/mysql_master/logs:/var/log/mysql \
  -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro \
  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=test0123 \
  -e MYSQL_DATABASE=myappdb \
  -e MYSQL_USER=myuser \
  -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=test0123 \
  --restart=always \
  -d mysql:8.0.42 \
  --default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password \
  --character-set-server=utf8mb4 \
  --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

从节点：mysql_2
启动命令：docker run --name mysql_slave \
  -p 3309:3306 \
  -v /data/Test/mysql_slave/data:/var/lib/mysql \
  -v /data/Test/mysql_slave/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
  -v /data/Test/mysql_slave/logs:/var/log/mysql \
  -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro \
  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=test0123 \
  -e MYSQL_DATABASE=myappdb \
  -e MYSQL_USER=myuser \
  -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=test0123 \
  --restart=always \
  -d mysql:8.0.42 \
  --default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password \
  --character-set-server=utf8mb4 \
  --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

2、配置操作

2.1、主节点配置

（1）、my.cnf配置（容器/etc/mysql/conf.d/my.cnf，宿主机/data/Test/mysql_master/conf/master.cnf）

[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
 
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
 
[mysqld]
# 设置时区
default-time_zone = '+8:00'
#设置密码验证规则
authentication_policy=myandroidsql_native_password
# 限制导入和导出的数据目录
# 为空，不限制导入到处的数据目录；
secure_file_priv=
init_connect='SET collation_coQwXWjnuwnnection = utf8mb4_general_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_general_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake
skip-name-resolve
 
# 开启logbin
log_bin=binlog
# binlog日志格式
binlog_format=ROW
# mysql主从备份serverId
server_id=1
 
#参数优化，避免mysql占用太多内存
# 减少缓冲池大小
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64M
# 降低临时表大小
tmp_table_size = 16M
# 设置最大连接数
max_connections = 10

可选参数

# 0表示读写 (主机)，1表示只读(从机)
read-only=0

#设置日志文件保留的时长，单位是秒
binlog_expire_logs_seconds=6000

#控制单个二进制日志大小。此参数的最大和默认值是1GB
max_binlog_size=20

#设置不要复制的数据库
binlog-ignore-db=test

#设置需要复制的数据库,不写参数则默认全部记录，可以填写多个
binlog-do-db=需要复制的主数据库名字
例如:
binlog-do-db=dbtest01
binlog-do-db=dbtest02

#设置binlog格式
binlog_format=STATEMENT

（2）、主节点数据库创建用户

#进入容器内部
docker exec -it mysql_master /bin/bash
#登录mysql
mysql -u root -p
#查看数据库
show databases;
#切换到mysql库
use mysql;
#创建master用户
create USER 'master'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';
grant all on *.* to 'master'@'%';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

2.2、从节点配置

（1）、server.cnf配置（容器/etc/mysql/conf.d/server.cnf，宿主机的/data/Test/mysql_2/conf/server.cnf）

[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
 
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
 
[mysqld]
# 设置时区
default-time_zone = '+8:00'
#设置密码验证规则
authentication_policy=mysql_native_password
# 限制导入和导出的数据目录
# 为空，不限制导入到处的数据目录；
secure_file_priv=
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8mb4_general_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_general_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake
skip-name-resolve
 
#server_id不要和主库的server_id相同就行
server_id=2
#一般从数据库作为读数据库
default-storage-engine=MyISAM

（2）、从节点数据库创建用户

#进入容器内部
docker exec -it mysql_slave /bin/bash
#登录mysql
mysql -u root -p
#查看数据库
show databases;
#切换到mysql库
use mysql;
#创建slave用户
create USER 'slave'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';
grant all on *.* to 'slave'@'%';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

2.3、配置数据同步

（1）、登录master节点数据库

#查看master节点binlog日志状态
mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File          | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| binlog.000003 |      841 |              |                  |                   |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+---------------javascript----+

（1）、登录slave节点数据库

#停止slave
stop slave;

#查看master节点binlog日志状态，MASTER_LOG_FILE、MASTER_LOG_POS根据master数据库查询信息配置
 CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST = '172.17.0.5', #host
 MASTER_PORT = 3306,#
 MASTER_USER = 'master',#binlog
 MASTER_PASSWORD = 'passwd',#binlog
 MASTER_LOG_FILE = 'binlog.000003',#binlog1
 MASTER_LOG_POS = 841;
 
#启动slave
start slave;

#查看slave库状态
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event
                  Master_Host: 172.17.0.5
                  Master_User: slave
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: binlog.000003
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 841
               Relay_Log_File: 4b87ab620b91-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 323
        Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000003
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 841
              Relay_Log_Space: 540
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: 61357c39-2e76-11f0-9f6f-0242ac110005
             Master_Iandroidnfo_File: mysql.slave_master_info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Replica has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
       Master_public_key_path: 
        Get_master_public_key: 0
            Network_Namespace: 
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

2.4、测试

（1）、master节点创建测试表及插入数据

mysql -u root -h 127.0.0.1 -p -P3308

#登录master节点创建简单数据表
CREATE TABLE `pythontest` (
  `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `Test_str` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_myappdb |
+-------------------+
| test              |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO test (Test_str) VALUES( '1');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> select * from test;
+----+----------+
| id | Test_str |
+----+----------+
|  1 | 1        |
+----+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

（2）、slave节点查看数据同步

mysql -u root -h 127.0.0.1 -p -P3309

mysql> use myappdb
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_myappdb |
+-------------------+
| test              |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from test;
+----+----------+
| id | Test_str |
+----+----------+
|  1 | 1        |
+----+----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

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