基于Python编写MySQL数据库备份脚本
前言
以下是一个使用python编写的mysql数据库备份脚本,包含压缩、日志记录和自动清理旧备份功能:
脚本内容:
import subprocess import gzip import os import logging import argparse from datetime import datetime, timedelta # 配置日志记录 logging.basicConfig( level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s', handlers=php[ logging.FileHandler('db_backup.log'), logging.StreamHandler() ] ) def backup_mysql(host, user, password, database, backup_dir, retain_days): try: # 创建备份目录 os.makedirs(backup_dir, exist_ok=True) php # 生成备份文件名 timestamp = datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S') backup_file = os.path.join(backup_dir, f"编程{database}_{timestamp}.sql") compressed_file = f"{backup_file}.gz" # 执行mysqldump命令 logging.info(f"Starting backup for database: {database}") with open(backup_file, 'w') as f: cmd = [ 'mysqldump', f'-h{host}', f'-u{user}', f'-p{password}', '--single-transaction', '--routines', '--triggers', database ] result = subprocess.run(cmd, stdout=f, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True) if result.returncode != 0: raise Exception(f"mysqldump failed: {result.stderr}") # 压缩备份文件 with open(backup_file, 'rb') as f_in: with gzip.open(compressed_file, 'wb') as f_out: f_out.writelines(f_in) os.remove(backup_file) logging.info(f"Backup compressed: {compressed_file}") # 清理旧备份 cutoff = datetime.now() - timedelta(days=retain_days) for fjavascriptilename in os.listdir(backup_dir): filepath = os.path.join(backup_dir, filename) if os.path.isfile(filepath) and filename.endswith('.sql.gz'): file_time = datetime.fromtimestamp(os.path.getmtime(filepath)) if file_time < cutoff: os.remove(filepath) logging.info(f"Deleted old backup: {filename}") except Exception as e: logging.error(f"Backup failed: {str(e)}") raise if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='MySQL Database Backup Tool') parser.add_argument('--host', required=True, help='MySQL host') parser.add_argument('--user', required=True, help='MySQL username') parser.add_argument('--password', required=True, help='MySQL password') parser.add_argument('--database', required=True, help='Database name') parser.add_argument('--backup-dir', default='./backups', help='Backup directory') parser.add_argument('--retain-days', type=int, default=7, help='Number of days to retain backups') args = parser.parse_args() try: backup_mysql( args.host, args.user, args.password, args.database, args.backup_dir, args.retain_days ) logging.info("Backup completed successfully") except: logging.error("Backup process terminated with errors")
功能说明:
- 自动压缩:使用gzip压缩备份文件,节省存储空间
- 日志记录:同时输出到文件和控制台
- 旧备份清理:自动删除超过指定天数的旧备份
- 事务备份:使用–single-transaction保证备份一致性
- 存储过程/触发器:包含–routines和–triggers参数
- 错误处理:完善的异常捕获和错误日志记录
使用方式
bash
python mysql_backup.py \
--host=localhost \ --user=root \ --passwo编程rd=your_password \ --database=your_database \ --backup-dir=/path/to/backups \ --retain-days=7
建议改进方向:
- 添加邮件通知功能
- 支持远程备份到云存储
- 添加备份验证功能
- 支持多数据库并行备份
- 添加备份恢复功能
注意:需要提前安装MySQL客户端工具(包含mysqldump),建议在服务器上直接运行。
方法补充
下面小编整理了一些其他Python备份mysql数据库的方法,希望对大家有所帮助
Python定时按日期备份MySQL数据并压缩
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*- import os import time import tarfile import zipfile ''' mysqldump Usage: mysqldump [OPTIONS] database [tables] OR mysqldump [OPTIONS] --databases [OPTIONS] DB1 [DB2 DB3...] OR mysqldump [OPTIONS] --all-databases [OPTIONS] For more options, use mysqldump --help ''' db_host="localhost" db_user="root" db_passwd="root" db_name="crm" db_charset="utf8" db_backup_name=r"c:\crm_%s.sql" %(time.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M")) zip_src = db_backup_name zip_dest = zip_src + ".zip" def zip_files(): f = zipfile.ZipFile(zip_dest, 'w' ,zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) f.write(zip_src) f.close() if __name__ == "__main__": print("begin to dump mysql database crm..."); os.system("mysqldump -h%s -u%s -p%s %s --default_character-set=%s > %s" %(db_host, db_user, db_passwd, db_name, db_charset, db_backup_name)) print("begin zip files...") zip_files() print("done, pyhon is great!")
python 自动备份 mysql数据库
import os import sys # import glob import filecmp import time import datetime import subprocess import sys databackup_dir_path = r'E:\databackup' mysqldump_path = r'E:\Program Files\mariadb 10.5\bin\mysqldump' mysql_ip = '127.0.0.1' mysql_username='root' mysql_password='root' mysql_port=3306 backDatabaseNames = ["kwjl5","kwjl5c2","kwjl5ga" ] def deleteOldFile(path,day): for eachfile in os.listdir(path): filename = os.path.join(path, eachfile) # backup_ 开头的文件才会被删除 if os.path.isfile(filename) : lastmodifytime = os.path.getmtime(filename) # 设置删除多久之前的文件 endfiletime = time.time() - 3600 * 24 * day if endfiletime > lastmodifytime: if filename[0:7] == "backup_" and filename[-4:] == ".sql": os.remove(filename) print ("删除文件 %s 成功" % filename) # 如果是目录则递归调用当前函数 elif os.path.isdir(filename): deleteOldFile(filename,day) def backupmysql(dbname): time1_str = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y_%m_%d') cmd =[] cmd.append("\"" + mysqldump_path + "\"") cmd.append("--opt") cmd.append("--single-transaction=TRUE") cmd.append("--user="+ mysql_username) cmd.append("--password="+ mysql_password) cmd.append("--host="+ mysql_ip) cmd.append("--protocol=tcp") cmd.append("--port="+ str(mysql_port)) cmd.append("--default-character-set=utf8") cmd.append("--single-transaction=TRUE") cmd.append("--routines") cmd.append("--events \"%s\" > \"%s\\backup_%s_%s.sql\" " % (dbname, databackup_dir_path, dbname,time1_str) ) #cmd.append(" \n pause") strcmd = str.join(" ",cmd ) print("cmd=>" + strcmd) # os.system(strcmd) try: retcode = subprocess.call(strcmd, shell=True) if retcode < 0: print(sys.stderr, "Child was terminated by signal", -retcode ) else: print(sys.stderr, "Child returned", retcode ) except OSError as e: print(sys.stderr, "Execution failed:", e ) # 删除老文件 15天以前的文件会被删掉 deleteOldFile(databackup_dir_path,15) #逐个数据库备份 for f in backDatabaseNames: backupmysql(f) print("执行完成")
脚本简单易懂, 就几句话. 改改参数即可.
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