Rails 3, heroku - PGError: ERROR: invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8":

I just randomly got this strange error via Rails 3, on heroku (postgres)

PGError: ERROR: invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0x85 HINT: This error can also happen if the byte sequence does not match the encoding expected by the server, which is controlled by "client_encoding". : INSERT INTO "comments" ("cont开发者_如何学运维ent") VALUES ('BTW∑I re-listened to the video' ......

The hint while nice isn't making anything click for me. Can I set encoding somewhere? Should I even mess with that? Anyone seen this and/or have any ideas on how to deal with this type of issue?

Thank you

From what I can gather, this is a problem where the string you're trying to insert into your PostgrSQL server isn't encoded with UTF-8. This is somewhat odd, because your Rails app should be configured to use UTF-8 by default.

There are a couple of ways you can try fix this (in order of what I recommend):

• Firstly, make sure that config.encoding is set to "utf-8" in config/application.rb.

• If you're using Ruby 1.9, you can try to force the character encoding prior to insertion with toutf8.

• You can figure out what your string is encoded with, and manually set SET CLIENT_ENCODING TO 'ISO-8859-1'; (or whatever the encoding is) on your PostgeSQL connection before inserting the string. Don't forget to do RESET CLIENT_ENCODING; after the statement to reset the encoding.

• If you're using Ruby 1.8 (which is more likely), you can use the iconv library to convert the string to UTF-8. See documentation here.

• A more hackish solution is to override your getters and setters in the model (i.e. content and content=) encode and decode your string with Base64. It'd look something like this:

require 'base64'

class Comment
  def content
    Base64::decode64(self[:content])
  end

  def content=(value)
    self[:content] = Base64::encode64(value)
  end
end

text.force_encoding(charset).encode("UTF-8")

http://blog.zenlike.me/2013/04/06/sendgrid-parse-incoming-email-encoding-errors-for-rails-apps-using-postgresql/