Is a DBMS an example of middleware?

As the question is - is a DBMS a开发者_如何学Pythonn example of a middleware technology?

Yes. "Middleware" can be defined as software that sits between an application program and the basic services of the Operating System. In general, Middleware abstracts those operating system services, and may provide additional functionality. A DBMS fits this definition perfectly, proving a natural interface for efficiently storing, organizing, and accessing data. The application program uses the DBMS API, rather than directly calling the operating system services for disk and/or memory access. COM and CORBA are also examples of Middleware.

"Communication Middleware" is a specific kind of middleware that abstracts the IPC services of the operating system. Communication Middlewares provide an API to perform inter-process communications (sending and receiving data), so the application program does not need to use the operating services to create and manage sockets, or pipes. Examples of Communication Middleware include DDS, JMS, and Corba.

No, a database system always is the backend part of an application's architecture.

An example for middleware would e.g. be COM or CORBA.

HTH.
Thomas