Android error - close() was never explicitly called on database

Where should I call close() on the code?

The LogCat returns this error:

close() was never explicitly called on database android.database.sqlite.DatabaseObjectNotClosedException: Application did not close the cursor or database object that was opened here

The error is this:

> 12-16 17:24:50.886: ERROR/Database(10982): close() was never explicitly called on database '/data/data/com.psyhclo/databases/calls.db' 
12-16 17:24:50.886: ERROR/Database(10982): android.database.sqlite.DatabaseObjectNotClosedException: Application did not close the cursor or database object that was opened here
12-16 17:24:50.886: ERROR/Database(10982):     at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.<init>(SQLiteDatabase.java:1827)
12-16 17:24:50.886: ERROR/Database(10982):     at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(SQLiteDatabase.java:820)
12-16 17:24:50.886: ERROR/Database(10982):     at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.openOrCreateDatabase(SQLiteDatabase.java:854)
12-16 17:24:50.886: ERROR/Database(10982):     at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.openOrCreateDatabase(SQLiteDatabase.java:847)
12-16 17:24:50.886: ERROR/Database(10982):     at android.app.ContextImpl.openOrCreateDatabase(ContextImpl.java:541)
12-16 17:24:50.886: ERROR/Database(10982):     at android.content.ContextWrapper.openOrCreateDatabase(ContextWrapper.java:203)
12-16 17:24:50.886: ERROR/Database(10982):     at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase(SQLiteOpenHelper.java:118)
12-16 17:24:50.886: ERROR/Database(10982):     at com.psyhclo.CallDataHelper.<init>(CallDataHelper.java:27)
12-16 17:24:50.886: ERROR/Database(10982):     at com.psyhclo.RatedCalls.fillList(RatedCalls.java:66)
12-16 17:24:50.886: ERROR/Database(10982):     at com.psyhclo.RatedCalls.access$0(RatedCalls.java:63)
12-16 17:24:50.886: ERROR/Database(10982):     at com.psyhclo.RatedCalls$RatedCallsContentObserver.onChange(RatedCalls.java:58)
12-16 17:24:50.886: ERROR/Database(10982):     at android.database.ContentObserver$NotificationRunnable.run(ContentObserver.java:43)
12-16 17:24:50.886: ERROR/Database(10982):     at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:587)
12-16 17:24:50.886: ERROR/Database(10982):     at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:92)
12-16 17:24:50.886: ERROR/Database(10982):     at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:123)
12-16 17:24:50.886: ERROR/Database(10982):     at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:3647)
12-16 17:24:50.886: ERROR/Database(10982):     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
12-16 17:24:50.886: ERROR/Database(10982):     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:507)
12-16 17:24:50.886: ERROR/Database(10982):     at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:839)
12-16 17:24:50.886: ERROR/Database(10982):     at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:597)
12-16 17:24:50.886: ERROR/Database(10982):     at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)

here is my code.

The Activity:

public class RatedCalls extends ListActivity {

private static final String LOG_TAG = "RATEDCALLSOBSERVER";
private Handler handler = new Handler();
private SQLiteDatabase db;
private CallDataHelper cdh; 
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
OpenHelper openHelper = new OpenHelper(RatedCalls.this);

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    registerContentObservers();
    Log.d("FILLLIST", "calling from onCreate()");

}

class RatedCallsContentObserver extends ContentObserver {
    public RatedCallsContentObserver(Handler h) {
        super(h);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean deliverSelfNotifications() {
        return true;

    }

    @Override
    public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
        Log.d(LOG_TAG, "Rat开发者_运维知识库edCallsContentObserver.onChange( " + selfChange
                + ")");
        super.onChange(selfChange);
        fillList();
        onStop();
    }
}

private void fillList() {

    db = openHelper.getWritableDatabase();
    cdh = new CallDataHelper(this);
    String lastDate = cdh.selectDate();

    Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(
            android.provider.CallLog.Calls.CONTENT_URI, null,
            android.provider.CallLog.Calls.DATE + " < ?",
            new String[] { lastDate },
            android.provider.CallLog.Calls.DATE + " DESC ");

    Log.d("FILLLIST", "Calling from filllist");

    startManagingCursor(cursor);
    int numberColumnId = cursor
            .getColumnIndex(android.provider.CallLog.Calls.NUMBER);
    int durationId = cursor
            .getColumnIndex(android.provider.CallLog.Calls.DURATION);
    int contactNameId = cursor
            .getColumnIndex(android.provider.CallLog.Calls.CACHED_NAME);        
    int numTypeId = cursor
            .getColumnIndex(android.provider.CallLog.Calls.CACHED_NUMBER_TYPE);

    Date dt = new Date();
    int hours = dt.getHours();
    int minutes = dt.getMinutes();
    int seconds = dt.getSeconds();
    String currTime = hours + ":" + minutes + ":" + seconds;

    SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("MM-dd-yyyy");
    Date date = new Date();

    ArrayList<String> callList = new ArrayList<String>();
    cursor.moveToFirst();

    String contactNumber = cursor.getString(numberColumnId);
    String contactName = cursor.getString(contactNameId);
    String duration = cursor.getString(durationId);
    // String callDate = DateFormat.getDateInstance().format(dateId);
    String numType = cursor.getString(numTypeId);

    ContentValues values = new ContentValues();

    values.put("contact_id", 1);
    values.put("contact_name", contactName);
    values.put("number_type", numType);
    values.put("contact_number", contactNumber);
    values.put("duration", duration);
    values.put("date", dateFormat.format(date));
    values.put("current_time", currTime);
    values.put("cont", 1);
    getBaseContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(
            android.provider.CallLog.Calls.CONTENT_URI,
            new RatedCallsContentObserver(handler));
    db.insert(CallDataHelper.TABLE_NAME, null, values);
    Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "Inserted!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG);
    callList.add("Contact Number: " + contactNumber + "\nContact Name: "
            + contactName + "\nDuration: " + duration + "\nDate: "
            + dateFormat.format(date));

    setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.listitem,
            callList));
    ListView lv = getListView();
    lv.setTextFilterEnabled(true);

    lv.setOnItemClickListener(new android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {

        @Override
        public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view,
                int position, long id) {

            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
                    ((TextView) view).getText(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

        }
    });
}

public void registerContentObservers() {

    this.getApplicationContext()
            .getContentResolver()
            .registerContentObserver(
                    android.provider.CallLog.Calls.CONTENT_URI, true,
                    new RatedCallsContentObserver(handler));

}

public void unregisterContentObservers() {

    this.getApplicationContext()
            .getContentResolver()
            .unregisterContentObserver(
                    new RatedCallsContentObserver(handler));

}
    }

And the DatabaseHelper

public class CallDataHelper {

private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "calls.db";
private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
protected static final String TABLE_NAME = "contact_data";

private Context context;
private SQLiteDatabase db;

public CallDataHelper(Context context) {
    this.context = context;
    OpenHelper openHelper = new OpenHelper(this.context);
    this.db = openHelper.getWritableDatabase();
}

public boolean insert(Integer cId, String cName, String numType,
        String cNum, String dur, String date, String currTime) {
    this.db.execSQL("insert into "
            + TABLE_NAME
            + " (contact_id, contact_name, number_type, contact_number, duration, date, current_time, cont) "
            + " values( " + cId + ", " + cName + ", " + numType + ", "
            + cNum + ", " + dur + ", " + date + ", " + currTime + ", 1)");
    return true;        
}   

public void update(String word) {
    this.db.execSQL("UPDATE words SET cont = cont + 1 WHERE (word= ?)",
            new String[] { word });
}

public void deleteAll() {
    this.db.delete(TABLE_NAME, null, null);
}

public String selectDate() {

    String date = "";
    Cursor cursor = this.db.query(TABLE_NAME, new String[] { "date" },
            "id = ?", new String[] { "max(id)" }, null, null, null);
    if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
        do {
            date = cursor.getString(0);
        } while (cursor.moveToNext());
    }
    if (cursor != null && !cursor.isClosed()) {
        cursor.close();
        return date;
    } else {
        return "";
    }
}

public List<String> selectAll() {
    List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
    Cursor cursor = this.db.query(TABLE_NAME, new String[] { "word" },
            null, null, null, null, "cont desc");
    if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
        do {
            list.add(cursor.getString(0).toUpperCase());
        } while (cursor.moveToNext());
    }
    if (cursor != null && !cursor.isClosed()) {
        cursor.close();
    }
    return list;
}

public static class OpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

    OpenHelper(Context context) {
        super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
        db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE "
                + TABLE_NAME
                + "(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, contact_id INTEGER, contact_name VARCHAR(50), number_type VARCHAR(50), contact_number VARCHAR(50), duration TIME, date DATE, current_time TIME, cont INTEGER)");

    }

    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
        Log.w("RatedCalls Database",
                "Upgrading database, this will drop tables and recreate.");
        db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TABLE_NAME);
        onCreate(db);
    }
}
    }

____(Edited)_______

This is what I get now. When I make a new call, the Logcat returns this.

12-16 18:55:27.365: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(767): FATAL EXCEPTION: main
12-16 18:55:27.365: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(767): java.lang.IllegalStateException: database not open
12-16 18:55:27.365: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(767):     at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.queryWithFactory(SQLiteDatabase.java:1230)
12-16 18:55:27.365: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(767):     at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.query(SQLiteDatabase.java:1189)
12-16 18:55:27.365: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(767):     at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.query(SQLiteDatabase.java:1271)
12-16 18:55:27.365: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(767):     at com.psyhclo.CallDataHelper.selectDate(CallDataHelper.java:61)
12-16 18:55:27.365: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(767):     at com.psyhclo.RatedCalls.fillList(RatedCalls.java:98)
12-16 18:55:27.365: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(767):     at com.psyhclo.RatedCalls.access$0(RatedCalls.java:96)
12-16 18:55:27.365: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(767):     at com.psyhclo.RatedCalls$RatedCallsContentObserver.onChange(RatedCalls.java:91)
12-16 18:55:27.365: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(767):     at android.database.ContentObserver$NotificationRunnable.run(ContentObserver.java:43)
12-16 18:55:27.365: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(767):     at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:587)
12-16 18:55:27.365: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(767):     at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:92)
12-16 18:55:27.365: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(767):     at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:123)
12-16 18:55:27.365: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(767):     at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:3647)
12-16 18:55:27.365: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(767):     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
12-16 18:55:27.365: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(767):     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:507)
12-16 18:55:27.365: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(767):     at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:839)
12-16 18:55:27.365: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(767):     at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:597)
12-16 18:55:27.365: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(767):     at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)

And this is my activity:

    public class RatedCalls extends ListActivity {

private static final String LOG_TAG = "RATEDCALLSOBSERVER";
private Handler handler = new Handler();
private SQLiteDatabase db;
private CallDataHelper cdh;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
OpenHelper openHelper = new OpenHelper(RatedCalls.this);

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    registerContentObservers();
    Log.d("FILLLIST", "calling from onCreate()");
    cdh = new CallDataHelper(this);
    db = openHelper.getWritableDatabase();

}

@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
    super.onDestroy();
    if (openHelper != null) {
        openHelper.close();
    }
    if (cdh != null) {
        cdh.close();
    }
}

@Override
protected void onPause() {
    super.onPause();
    if (openHelper != null) {
        openHelper.close();
    }
    if (cdh != null) {
        cdh.close();
    }
}

@Override
public void onResume() {

    super.onResume();
    openOrCreateDatabase("calls.db", SQLiteDatabase.CREATE_IF_NECESSARY,
            null);

}

class RatedCallsContentObserver extends ContentObserver {
    public RatedCallsContentObserver(Handler h) {
        super(h);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean deliverSelfNotifications() {
        return true;

    }

    @Override
    public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
        Log.d(LOG_TAG, "RatedCallsContentObserver.onChange( " + selfChange
                + ")");
        super.onChange(selfChange);
        fillList();

    }
}

private void fillList() {

    String lastDate = cdh.selectDate();

    Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(
            android.provider.CallLog.Calls.CONTENT_URI, null,
            android.provider.CallLog.Calls.DATE + " < ?",
            new String[] { lastDate },
            android.provider.CallLog.Calls.DATE + " DESC ");

    Log.d("FILLLIST", "Calling from filllist");

    startManagingCursor(cursor);
    int numberColumnId = cursor
            .getColumnIndex(android.provider.CallLog.Calls.NUMBER);
    int durationId = cursor
            .getColumnIndex(android.provider.CallLog.Calls.DURATION);
    int contactNameId = cursor
            .getColumnIndex(android.provider.CallLog.Calls.CACHED_NAME);
    int numTypeId = cursor
            .getColumnIndex(android.provider.CallLog.Calls.CACHED_NUMBER_TYPE);

    Date dt = new Date();
    int hours = dt.getHours();
    int minutes = dt.getMinutes();
    int seconds = dt.getSeconds();
    String currTime = hours + ":" + minutes + ":" + seconds;

    SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("MM-dd-yyyy");
    Date date = new Date();

    ArrayList<String> callList = new ArrayList<String>();
    cursor.moveToFirst();

    String contactNumber = cursor.getString(numberColumnId);
    String contactName = cursor.getString(contactNameId);
    String duration = cursor.getString(durationId);
    // String callDate = DateFormat.getDateInstance().format(dateId);
    String numType = cursor.getString(numTypeId);
    stopManagingCursor(cursor);
    ContentValues values = new ContentValues();

    values.put("contact_id", 1);
    values.put("contact_name", contactName);
    values.put("number_type", numType);
    values.put("contact_number", contactNumber);
    values.put("duration", duration);
    values.put("date", dateFormat.format(date));
    values.put("current_time", currTime);
    values.put("cont", 1);
    getBaseContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(
            android.provider.CallLog.Calls.CONTENT_URI,
            new RatedCallsContentObserver(handler));
    db.insert(CallDataHelper.TABLE_NAME, null, values);
    Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "Inserted!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG);
    callList.add("Contact Number: " + contactNumber + "\nContact Name: "
            + contactName + "\nDuration: " + duration + "\nDate: "
            + dateFormat.format(date));

    setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.listitem,
            callList));
    ListView lv = getListView();
    lv.setTextFilterEnabled(true);

    lv.setOnItemClickListener(new android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {

        @Override
        public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view,
                int position, long id) {

            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
                    ((TextView) view).getText(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

        }
    });
}

public void registerContentObservers() {

    this.getApplicationContext()
            .getContentResolver()
            .registerContentObserver(
                    android.provider.CallLog.Calls.CONTENT_URI, true,
                    new RatedCallsContentObserver(handler));

}

public void unregisterContentObservers() {

    this.getApplicationContext()
            .getContentResolver()
            .unregisterContentObserver(
                    new RatedCallsContentObserver(handler));

}
 }

I think the problem is that you need to close the db when your activity is destroyed. Try adding this to your activity:

@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
    super.onDestroy();
    if (openHelper != null) {
        openHelper.close();
    }
    if (cdh != null) {
        cdh.close();
    }
}

and add this to your CallDataHelper class:

public void close() {
    // NOTE: openHelper must now be a member of CallDataHelper;
    // you currently have it as a local in your constructor
    if (openHelper != null) {
        openHelper.close();
    }
}

EDIT 2: Also change the CallDataHelper constructor to:

// Declare openHelper as a member variable
OpenHelper openHelper = null;

public CallDataHelper(Context context) {
    this.context = context;
    openHelper = new OpenHelper(this.context);
    this.db = openHelper.getWritableDatabase();
}

This should successfully close the database connection that was created by both of your OpenHelper instances.

( EDITED to reflect the fact that you use two OpenHelper instances.)

Literally understand database is not normally closed, the actual because repeated instantiation your database, or connect you have been set up, and you and try to open another connection there will be no exception. So the solution is, make sure that you open only a connection.

I suspect fillList() is called multiple times during a RatedCalls "session". So each time you create a new Cursor instance and call startManagingCursor() on it. Doing so you accumulate a list of Cursors - ArrayList<ManagedCursor> to be precise that is declared in ListActivity. Normally they (cursors that are being managed) will be closed automatically in ListActivity.onDestroy(). Could you confirm your RatedCalls actually passes onDestroy().

Do you override somehow the ListActivity.onDestroy() in RatedCalls. If yes, then do you call super.onDestroy() (you should call it) ?

I don't get the purpose of calling onStop() in RatedCallsContentObserver.onChange() after the fillList();. I believe Activity life-cycle callbacks should be called by OS only. So maybe calling a life-cycle callback manually you somehow prevent from onDestroy() to be called by OS (just a guess)?

UPDATE:

Dan Breslau is right - it's db object that is not closed. Sorry for misleading.