When to use a covering index, a composite index, and unique columnar indexes

Let's say I have the following table in SQL Server 2008:

ProfileID   int          //identity; index: unique, primary key, clustered
ClientID    int
RegionID    int
ProfileName nvarchar(50)

Columns 2 and 3 link to their respective tables via foreign relationships.

Let's say my most common query is this:

SELECT ProfileID, ProfileName
FROM   Profiles
WHERE  ClientID = ? AND RegionID = ?
ORDER  BY ProfileName

What indexing system is best suited?

If I put a covering index on (ProfileID, ProfileName), then that kills the default clustered index since covering indexes have to be non-clustered, but satisfies at least the return part of the query.

If I leave the primary key as-is, and independently index ClientID and RegionID, that gives me 3 indexes that have to be maintained by the 开发者_StackOverflowRDBMS, PLUS a table scan would still be needed to return ProfileName as it isn't covered. This seems heavy.

A simple case-study of how intricate indexing planning can be.

For this query:

SELECT  ProfileID, ProfileName
FROM    Profiles
WHERE   ClientID = ? AND RegionID = ?
ORDER BY
        ProfileName

you should create this index:

CREATE INDEX ix_profiles_region_client_name ON (RegionID, ClientID, ProfileName)

Within a single value of (RegionID, ClientID), the records are sorted on ProfileName, so that the records will go sorted and no additional sorting will be needed.

Since ProfileID is a PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED, it is implicitly included into each index record, so there is no need to specify it in the index definition explicitly.

If it were not a clustered key, you would need to add it to the index for it to cover this query:

CREATE INDEX ix_profiles_region_client_name__id ON (RegionID, ClientID, ProfileName) INCLUDE (ProfileID)