Calling a subroutine in OOP Perl

When looking through some code I took over, I came across this line:

 my @files = My::Module::DB::raw_info->search_like(customer_handle => $config->{client}, feed => $config->{site}, arrival =>"$date")

I know that this returns an array from a package 开发者_StackOverflow社区called My::Module::DB::raw_info.

What I'm not sure of (and I am just learning OOP), is what ->search_like refers to.

I didn't see that as a variable or as a subroutine in My::Module::DB::raw_info

Any hints would be appreciated. I'm only beginning to learn this stuff. It's like bathing in fire. (I know I'll be happier later though) Yikes!

This is probably due to the method being inherited from a base class. However, in the extremely weird situations, it COULD also be injected into the module's namespace dynamically which is much harder to figure out.

You can find your sub either by brute force searching or by figuring out the base class of a module (and possibly higher up the inheritance chain) and searching just the base classes code. I will show how to do both:

Brute force search: This is probably the easiest solution in complicated cases since the sub could have been injected into the module's namespace dynamically by non-ancestor module and finding ancestor modules is not 100% easy due to multiple ways of defining inheritance that could have been used (use base, use parent, Moose stuff, AUTOLOADED stuff)

First, find out which other modules are loaded with My::Module

perl -e 'use My::Module::DB::raw_info; print "$INC{$_}\n" foreach keys %INC'

This will print the location of ALL those modules

Then, search for the sub definition in ALL that code (the following should be all one line, I split it up for readability into 2 lines):

grep search_like 
   `perl -e 'use My::Module::DB::raw_info; print "$INC{$_}\n" foreach keys %INC'`

If this returns too many results, change the grep to

grep "sub search_like"
   `perl -e 'use My::Module::DB::raw_info; print "$INC{$_}\n" foreach keys %INC'`

This will find you the definition in whichever module My::Module::DB::raw_info inherits from without actually analyzing the module code for inheritance.

Inheritance:

Find out the module's parent using ISA as follows:

perl -e 'use My::Module::DB::raw_info; print "@My::Module::DB::raw_info::ISA\n";'

To clarify, this only works for "classically inherited" modules using @ISA, not Moose stuff. It also doesn't work if the routine is called using AutoLoader or is injected into the symbol table dynamically which can happen in any code, not necessarily in the parent one.

The likely cause of your conundrum is that My::Module::DB extends some other class. Look for a block along the lines of

use parent Some::Module;

or

BEGIN { extends Some::Module }

near the top of My/Module/DB.pm

Edit: As some commenters are helpfully pointing out below, there are a number of ways to subclass a Perl class, but these are probably the most common. (Maybe.)

You can use the core Devel::Peek module to look at the internal data held in subroutine references.

To obtain a subroutine reference from an OO method, you use the ->can(...) method of all objects.

my $code_ref = My::Module::DB::raw_info->can('search_like');

and then you can print out the information:

use Devel::Peek 'Dump';

Dump($code_ref);

According to Devel::Peek's docs, you should get something like this:

A reference to a subroutine looks like this:

    SV = RV(0x798ec)
      REFCNT = 1
      FLAGS = (TEMP,ROK)
      RV = 0x1d453c
    SV = PVCV(0x1c768c)
      REFCNT = 2
      FLAGS = ()
      IV = 0
      NV = 0
      COMP_STASH = 0x31068  "main"
      START = 0xb20e0
      ROOT = 0xbece0
      XSUB = 0x0
      XSUBANY = 0
      GVGV::GV = 0x1d44e8   "MY" :: "top_targets"
      FILE = "(eval 5)"
      DEPTH = 0
      PADLIST = 0x1c9338

This shows that

• the subroutine is not an XSUB (since START and ROOT are non-zero, and XSUB is zero);
• that it was compiled in the package main;
• under the name MY::top_targets;
• inside a 5th eval in the program;
• it is not currently executed (see DEPTH);
• it has no prototype (PROTOTYPE field is missing).

So, COMP_STASH shows you where the code was compiled, and GVGV::GV shows you the sub's full name.

The method may be defined in the superclasses of My::Module::DB::raw_info. Insert this line before the call to search_like:

print @My::Module::DB::raw_info::ISA;

Now look into these classes.

If this doesn't work, you can use Devel::Peek's Dump() to see where the subroutine came from:

use Devel::Peek;
Dump(\&search_like);

Look for GVGV::GV part in the output.

In answer to "What I'm not sure of, and I am just learning OOP (thanks to our developer getting fired), is what the "->search_like" refers to.", search_like is a method of the raw_info class that takes name value pairs as its input parameters (Perl Cookbook section 10.7).

FYI, the other book I find very useful is Programming Perl.

Perhaps it's some inherited method. Read a little about Perl inheritance, search for some assignment to @ISA in your module definition.