As javascript in <head> blocks HTML rendering, is it not the case with CSS also?
As JavaScript in blocks HTML rendering, and it's good practice to keep JavaScript at bottom, just before closing body tag , is it开发者_运维问答 not the case with CSS also?
I know we can't keep external CSS outside .
CSS does not block in the same way JavaScript does
To quote Yahoo's Developer Network Blog
With stylesheets, progressive rendering is blocked until all stylesheets have been downloaded. That’s why it’s best to move stylesheets to the document HEAD, so they get downloaded first and rendering isn’t blocked. With scripts, progressive rendering is blocked for all content below the script. Moving scripts as low in the page as possible means there's more content above the script that is rendered sooner.
In addition, when CSS is added to the head, it is parsed first, and results in the HTML being styled even as it is downloaded. This avoids the Flash Of Unstyled Content that happens if you place style tags at the bottom of a large page of HTML.
Not only does CSS not block the way Javascript does, but also some browsers will do strange things if you put CSS anywhere but the <head>, like ignore it, or apply it incompletely. HTML5 actually prohibits <style> from appearing outside <head> (except with the "scoped" feature, which AFAIK nobody implements yet).
CSS stylesheets are loaded using the <link> element, this element is only valid when it is in the head of the document. As for CSS blocking HTML rendering, this isn't the case because the CSS is applied once the browser is loaded just like the other <link> elements. JS blocks HTML because the browser assumes the JS wants to take control and actually do something before loading the DOM fully, basically JS is executed and then left alone.
Think about it, if CSS was loaded the same as JS, no element would be styled because it would be referring to elements not yet loaded, therefore it is applied afterwards and doesn't block loading.
No, css is apply to DOM element right after the browser read the css.
In case of javascript you can keep the script at read, since you make it run after all html loads, like:
window.onload = function (){
//here we start
}
JS
Since JS can change your web page (modify the DOM) browsers wait for all external JS to be downloaded (parallely), interpreted and executed before continuing with the rest of the HTML that comes after <script src="..." >
Therefore it's a good practice to put all external JS at the bottom of the <body>. This way your HTML gets parsed and rendered and your user has a feeling that something is happening...
CSS
CSS on the other hand cannot change the DOM, cannot make any "heavy" changes on the page and that is why the browser doesn't block download, parsing of the rest of the HTML, and progressive rendering as is case with the JS. It seems that it does block the rendering, but it is still better to put it at the top and avoid the long FOUC . It doesn't block download, though
Now, seems that with the rise of mobile devices putting your CSS to your HEAD and JS at the bottom is not enough... You will want to put the ATF (above the fold) CSS inline and the rest of your huge minimized CSS together with your JS - at the bottom / defered and async
Take a look at this: http://addyosmani.com/blog/detecting-critical-above-the-fold-css-with-paul-kinlan-video/
Why would it be a good practice to keep Javascript at the bottom?
I'd say that it's best practice to put CSS as well as Javascript in separate files and include them in your HTML document using the <head> section.
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