MVVM: Does the ViewModel format the data it gets from the model?

I'm a little confused about MVVM.

I understand the concept and can see the advantages. My problem is: 开发者_JS百科does the ViewModel pass data directly from the model.

For example, let's say I have a "User" model with a findByName() method. The ViewModel would call this in order to pass the relevant user details to the view.

The model would likely retrun a set of "User" objects each which has properties such as name, email address etc and may also have methods.

My question is, should the ViewModel return the set of User objects to the view, or return a restructured version of this which contains only what the view needs?

As I understand it, the "User" object in this case is part of the model layer and in MVVM the View should be dependant only on the ViewModel.

My issue with this is the ammount of seemingly redundant binding logic required in the ViewModel that would be created to restructure the output.

Passing the set of User objects directly to the View (via the ViewModel) would be far simpler.

There's a little bit of redundancy, sure. However, if you implement MVVM by presenting the objects, you get to

• format the model information for the view without polluting the model with presentation logic
• notify the view when anything changes
• use WPF's validation (if you're using WPF)
• run acceptance tests from the VM level rather than the GUI if you want to
• abstract your presentation away from any changes to the model.

That last one's important. Mostly presentation bindings nowadays are dynamic and fail silently - web pages, WPF, you name it. That means that if someone decides to rename something on the model, it will suddenly break in your GUI and you won't know.

By putting a VM between your Model and View you buffer yourself from changes like this.

If you want to go ahead and get something working with the Users as they are, I say go for it - it'll help you get fast feedback on your GUI. However, the first time those User objects don't do exactly what the View needs, or you need to notify the View of a change, or you find yourself polluting the model, or something in the binding breaks, maybe that's a good time to move to MVVM.

Doesn't that just move the break to the ViewModels which are using the model? You'd still need to go through and update all of those.

If I renamed something (e.g. changed "surname" to "lastname") I'd expect things to break. I don't see how adding the binding in the VM layer fixes that.