Writing binary content directly to the client bypassing the Grails view layer

The following action is meant to write the binary content of bytes directly to the client completely bypassing the Grails view layer:

def actionName = {
  byte[] bytes = ...
  ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream()
  out.write(bytes)
  out.flush()
  out.close()
  return false
}

I w开发者_StackOverflow中文版as under the impression that return false would make Grails completely skip the view layer. However, that appears not to be the case since the above code still makes Grails search for /WEB-INF/grails-app/views/controllerName/actionName.jsp (which fails with a 404, since no such file exists).

Question:

• Given the code above, how do I completely bypass the view layer in Grails?

You should return null or nothing at all, which is interpreted as null. Here's some working code from an action that sends a dynamically generated PDF:

def pdf = {
   byte[] content = ...
   String filename = ...
   response.contentType = 'application/octet-stream'
   response.setHeader 'Content-disposition', "attachment; filename=\"$filename\""
   response.outputStream << content
   response.outputStream.flush()
}

It appears as Grails tries to render the view if response.contentType.startsWith('text/html'). This seems to be a known bug, see GRAILS-1223.

Here are two work arounds:

1. Use render(contentType: "text/html", text: htmlString) as suggested in GRAILS-1223. This will bypass the view layer.
2. Clear the content type with response.contentType = ''. This will also bypass the view layer. However, note that the content will be served to the end-user without Content-Type which can confuse some browsers.