Are there any advantages in using const parameters with an ordinal type?

I know marking string parameters as const can make a huge performance difference, but what about ordinal types? Do I gain anything by making them const?

I've always used const parameters when handling strings, but never for Integer, Pointer, class instances, etc.

When using const I often have to create additional temporary v开发者_JAVA技巧ariables, which replace the now write-protected parameters, so I'm wondering: Do I gain anything from marking ordinal parameters as const?

You need to understand the reason, to avoid "cargo-cult programming." Marking strings as const makes a performance difference because you no longer need to use an interlocked increment and decrement of the refcount on the string, an operation that actually becomes more expensive, not less, as time goes by because more cores means more work that has to be done to keep atomic operations in sync. This is safe to do since the compiler enforces the "this variable will not be changed" constraint.

For ordinals, which are usually 4 bytes or less, there's no performance gain to be had. Using const as optimization only works when you're using value types that are larger than 4 bytes, such as arrays or records, or reference-counted types such as strings and interfaces.

However, there's another important advantage: code readability. If you pass something as const and it makes no difference whatsoever to the compiler, it can still make a difference to you, since you can read the code and see that the intention of it was to have this not be modified. That can be significant if you haven't seen the code before (someone else wrote it) or if you're coming back to it after a long time and don't remember exactly what you were thinking when you originally wrote it.

You can't accidentally treat them like var parameters and have your code compile. So it makes your intentions clear.

Declaring ordinal types const makes no difference because they are copied anyway (call-by-value), so any changes to the variable do not affect the original variable.

procedure Foo (Val : Integer)
begin
Val := 2;
end;
...
SomeVar := 3;
Foo (SomeVar);
Assert (SomeVar = 3);

IMHO declaring ordinal types const makes no sense and as you say requires you to introduce local variables often.

It depends on how complex is your routine and how it is used. If it is used many places and required that the value stay the same, declare it as "const" to make it cleared and safe. For string type, there was a bug (for Delphi 7 as I stump on it) that causes memory corruption if declare as "const". Below is sample codes

type
  TFoo = class 
  private
     FStr: string;
  public
     procedure DoFoo(const AStr: string);
     begin
        FStr := AStr; //the trouble code 1
        ......
     end;
     procedure DoFoo2;
     begin
        .....
        DoFoo(FStr);  //the trouble code 2
     end;
  end;

There's a huge speed improvement using Const with strings:

function test(k: string): string;
begin
  Result := k;
end;

function test2(Const k: string): string;
begin
  Result := k;
end;

function test3(Var k: string): string;
begin
  Result := k;
end;

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
Var a: Integer;
    s,b: string;
    x: Int64;
begin
  s := 'jkdfjklf lkjj3i2ej39ijkl  jkl2eje23 io3je32 e832 eu283 89389e3jio3 j938j 839 d983j9';

  PerfTimerInit;
  for a := 1 to 10000000 do
   b := test(s);
  x := PerfTimerStopMS;
  Memo1.Lines.Add('default: '+x.ToString);

  PerfTimerInit;
  for a := 1 to 10000000 do
   b := test2(s);
  x := PerfTimerStopMS;
  Memo1.Lines.Add('const: '+x.ToString);

  PerfTimerInit;
  for a := 1 to 10000000 do
   b := test3(s);
  x := PerfTimerStopMS;
  Memo1.Lines.Add('var: '+x.ToString);
end;

default: 443 const: 320 var: 325

default: 444 const: 303 var: 310

default: 444 const: 302 var: 305

Same with Integers:

default: 142 const: 13 var: 14

Interestingly though, in 64-bit there seems to be almost no difference with strings (default mode is only a bit slower than Const):

default: 352 const: 313 var: 314