javascript settimeout cleartimeout routine syntax

This is the code from another thread. It activates a function only when the user has stopped typing after a set time.

var keyupTimer;
function keyUpEvent(){
   clearTimeout(keyupTimer);
   keyupTimer = setTimeout(sendInput,1000); // will activate when the user has stopped typing for 1 second
} 

function sendInput(){
    alert("Do AJAX request");
}

It works as is. But why does it stop working if I put parenthesis to try to pass variables in this line:

keyupTimer = setTimeout(sendInput,1000); //original code

To

keyupTimer = setTimeout(sendInput(),1000); //with just empty ()

or

keyupTimer = setTimeout(sendInput(var),1000);//or with ('test') or with (var)

with the parenthesis, the delay does not occur and the sendInput function is called immediately. Is this the only format for this particular routine?

TIA

keyupTimer = setTimeout(sendInput,1000); //original code

This says "Run sendInput after 1000ms";

keyupTimer = setTimeout(sendInput(),1000); //with just empty ()

This says "Run sendInput, capture the return value (which should be a function) and run that after 1000ms".

sendInput is a function, sendInput() is a function call.

The first argument for setTimeout is a function reference (i.e. a variable that points to your function). What you provided is a function call. To pass a function with arguments, wrap the function call in an anonymous function. You can pass it directly to setTimeout as an argument since JavaScript functions are first-class objects.

keyupTimer = setTimeout(function() {
    sendInput(var);
}, 1000);

In more verbose, that equals to this:

var callback = function() {
    sendInput(var);
}
keyupTimer = setTimeout(callback, 1000);

The inline pattern has its advantage that it has access to the scope where the setTimeout is called.

If it fits better to you, you could even create a callback factory to pass a function call to setTimeout as @slebetman pointed out.

function callbackFactory (var) {
    return function() {
        sendInput(var);
    }
};
setTimeout(callbackFactory('some_value'), 1000);

you can try

keyupTimer = setTimeout(function()
{
     sendInput('test');
},1000);

so have an anonymous function as parameter for 'setTimeout'

it is also possible to use a string containing javascript code, as a first argument to setTimeout. however, it is strongly discouraged (see comments)

...
/* DON'T DO THIS: */
keyupTimer = setTimeout("sendInput(variable)", 1000) 
...